Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25678212›Full record

SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2015

Gender-based differences in glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from patient-level pooled data of six randomized controlled trials.

A Kautzky-Willer, L Kosi, J Lin, R Mihaljevic

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

A Kautzky-WillerDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gender Medicine Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
L KosiDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gender Medicine Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
J LinNovosys Health, Flemington, NJ, USA.
R MihaljevicScientific Affairs, Diabetes, Sanofi, Vienna, Austria.
Medical University of Vienna · ATHunterdon Prevention Resources · USSanofi (Austria) · AT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo determine the impact of gender on glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

methodsData were pooled from six randomized clinical trials of insulin glargine or NPH insulin in insulin-naïve, inadequately controlled patients. Female [n = 1251; mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level 8.99%, age 56.91 years, diabetes duration 9.84 years] and male patients (n = 1349; mean HbA1c 8.9%, age 57.47 years, diabetes duration 10.13 years) were started on and treated with insulin glargine or NPH insulin for 24-36 weeks. HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels, percent achieving HbA1c target of <7% and insulin dose change were recorded.

resultsFor both men and women, HbA1c levels were significantly reduced over time (p < 0.001); a significantly greater HbA1c reduction was observed in men than in women (-1.36 vs. -1.22; p = 0.002). Significantly fewer women achieved target HbA1c of <7% (p < 0.001). At the study end, women had a significantly higher insulin dose/kg than men (0.47 vs. 0.42 U/kg; p < 0.001). The incidence rates of severe and severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia were significantly higher in women (3.28% vs. 1.85%; p < 0.05 and 2.24% vs. 0.59%; p < 0.001, respectively). Women were more likely to experience severe hypoglycaemia [odds ratio (OR) 1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08, 3.00; p = 0.02] and severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia (OR: 3.80; 95% CI 1.72, 8.42; p = 0.001).

conclusionsThese observations confirm studies that found a smaller improvement in HbA1c and greater hypoglycaemia in women during insulin treatment. Physicians should be aware of the need to determine and closely monitor dosing, particularly in women, to optimize the balance between glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia risk.

Indexed as

Sex FactorsAdultAgedBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dose-Response Relationship, DrugFastingFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin GlargineInsulin, IsophaneMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin GlargineInsulin, Isophanegenderhypoglycaemiainsulin glargineNPH insulintype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID25678212
PMCPMC6680342
OpenAlexW2126838326

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.