ArticlePsychological medicine2015
Depressive symptoms are doubled in older British South Asian and Black Caribbean people compared with Europeans: associations with excess co-morbidity and socioeconomic disadvantage.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Language-related eligibility criteria in UK randomised trials: a systematic review of extended research reports.Trials · 2026Pooled it
- A data-driven methodological framework for representative recruitment in psychiatric research: insights from the DOCUMENT study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Ability to detect depression in ethnic minority groups: a UK Biobank cohort study.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- Impacts of Social Environments on Neighborhood Depression Incidence: Fully Accounting for Spatial Effects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Treatment experiences and preferences of British South Asians living with recurrent depression.PloS one · 2026Article
- Incidence and sociodemographic characteristics of coexisting function-limiting musculoskeletal problems and psychological distress among university students in Sweden: The SUN cohort study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- The Health of First Generation Caribbeans Across the Diaspora: Findings from 2000-2005 Population Data Surveys from Guyana, Jamaica, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- A randomised controlled trial of a faith-based culturally adapted intervention for depression in young Muslim women (IM-Adapted): a multi-site feasibility trial protocol.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction During Recurrent Depression in a Sample of Mid-to-Older Age British South Asians: A Qualitative Study.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Investigating Friendship Difficulties in the Pathway from ADHD to Depressive Symptoms. Can Parent-Child Relationships Compensate?Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2021Article
- Cohort Profile Update: Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) study: a UK population-based comparison of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people of European, South Asian and African Caribbean heritage.International journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Subjective wellbeing as a determinant of glycated hemoglobin in older adults: longitudinal findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.Psychological medicine · 2020Article
- Association of Race and Ethnicity With Late-Life Depression Severity, Symptom Burden, and Care.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Depressive Symptom Dimensions and Their Association with Hippocampal and Entorhinal Cortex Volumes in Community Dwelling Older Adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Article
- Combined association of clinical and lifestyle factors with non-restorative sleep: The Nagahama Study.PloS one · 2017Article
- How do people of South Asian origin understand and experience depression? A protocol for a systematic review of qualitative literature.BMJ open · 2016Article
- Effects of age on the amplitude, frequency and perceived quality of voice.Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2015Article
- Ethnic differences in the association between depression and chronic pain: cross sectional results from UK Biobank.BMC family practice · 2015Article
- Dysbiotic drift: mental health, environmental grey space, and microbiota.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite elevated risk profiles for depression among South Asian and Black Caribbean people in the UK, prevalences of late-life depressive symptoms across the UK's three major ethnic groups have not been well characterized.
methodData were collected at baseline and 20-year follow-up from 632 European, 476 South Asian and 181 Black Caribbean men and women (aged 58-88 years), of a community-based cohort study from north-west London. The 10-item Geriatric Depression Scale was interviewer-administered during a clinic visit (depressive symptoms defined as a score of ⩾4 out of 10), with clinical data (adiposity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cognitive function) also collected. Sociodemographic, psychosocial, behavioural, disability, and medical history information was obtained by questionnaire.
resultsPrevalence of depressive symptoms varied by ethnic group, affecting 9.7% of White European, 15.5% of South Asian, and 17.7% of Black Caribbean participants. Compared with White Europeans, South Asian and Black Caribbean participants were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms (odds ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.24-2.58 and 1.80, 1.11-2.92, respectively). Adjustment for co-morbidities had most effect on the excess South Asian odds, and adjustment for socioeconomic position had most effect on the elevated Black Caribbean odds.
conclusionsHigher prevalence of depressive symptoms observed among South Asian people were attenuated after adjustment for physical health, whereas the Black Caribbean increased prevalence was most explained by socioeconomic disadvantage. It is important to understand the reasons for these ethnic differences to identify opportunities for interventions to address inequalities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.