Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25677874›Full record

ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2015

Effectiveness and knowledge, attitudes and practices of seasonal influenza vaccine in primary healthcare settings in South Africa, 2010-2013.

Johanna M McAnerney, Sibongile Walaza, Adam L Cohen, Stefano Tempia, Amelia Buys, Marietjie Venter, Lucille Blumberg, Jazmin Duque, Cheryl Cohen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Johanna M McAnerneyNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
Sibongile Walaza
Adam L Cohen
Stefano Tempia
Amelia Buys
Marietjie Venter
Lucille Blumberg
Jazmin Duque
Cheryl Cohen

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesInfluenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and coverage data for sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. Using a test-negative case-control design, we estimated influenza VE annually among individuals with influenza-like illness presenting to an outpatient sentinel surveillance programme in South Africa from 2010 to 2013. A knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) influenza vaccine survey of programme clinicians was conducted in 2013. SAMPLE: In total, 9420 patients were enrolled in surveillance of whom 5344 (56.7%) were included in the VE analysis: 2678 (50.1%) were classified as controls (influenza test-negative) and 2666 (49.9%) as cases (influenza test-positive).

resultsMean annual influenza vaccine coverage among controls was 4.5% for the four years. Annual VE estimates adjusted for age, underlying medical conditions and seasonality for 2010-2013 were 54.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4-78.6%), 57.1% (95% CI: 15.5-78.2%), 38.4% (95% CI: -71.7-78.1%) and 87.2% (95% CI: 67.2-95.0%), respectively. The KAP survey showed that >90% of clinicians were familiar with the indications for and the benefits of influenza vaccination.

conclusionsOur study showed that the vaccine was significantly protective in 2010, 2011 and 2013, but not in 2012 when the circulating A(H3N2) strain showed genetic drift. Vaccine coverage was low despite good clinician knowledge of vaccination indications. Further studies are needed to investigate the reason for the low uptake of influenza vaccine.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeInfluenza VaccinesAdolescentAdultCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGenetic DriftHumansInfantInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeInfluenza B virusInfluenza, HumanMaleInfluenza VaccinesattitudesInfluenza-like illnessknowledgepracticesvaccine

Identifiers

PMID25677874
PMCPMC4415698

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.