ReviewBreast cancer research : BCR2014
uPA and PAI-1 as biomarkers in breast cancer: validated for clinical use in level-of-evidence-1 studies.
Review in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 265 citations in OpenAlex.
- Common gene signatures and key pathways in hypopharyngeal and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Evidence from bioinformatic analysis.Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Communicating prognosis to women with early breast cancer - overview of prediction tools and the development and pilot testing of a decision aid.BMC health services research · 2019Pooled it
- Independent validation of stromal uPA in ABCSG-08: Level 1b evidence for the prognostic value of uPA immunohistochemistry.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022Trial
- Testing breast cancer serum biomarkers for early detection and prognosis in pre-diagnosis samples.British journal of cancer · 2017Trial
- SERPINE1-centric inflammatory signature associates with treatment resistance and survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Differentiating borderline HER2-expressing and HER2-positive cancers from other subtypes using serum urokinase plasminogen activator.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- DeepGene-BC: Deep Learning-Based Breast Cancer Subtype Prediction via Somatic Point Mutation Profiles.Cancers · 2026Article
- Non-Canonical Senescence Phenotype in Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors in ER-Positive Breast Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Prospective validation of the prognostic and predictive impact of uPA/PAI-1 in early breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Observational
- The Role of Extracellular Proteases and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in the Pre-Metastatic Niche.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Review
- Identifying the role of aging-related genes in intracranial aneurysms through bioinformatics analysis.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2025Article
- INHIBITING THE INHIBITOR: WOULD TARGETING PAI-1 RESULT IN A LOW-DOSE, WELL-TOLERATED TREATMENT OF EMPYEMA?Biomedical sciences instrumentation · 2025Article
- SEPT9 and PAI-1 are immunohistochemical biomarkers of the hepatocellular carcinoma immune microenvironment.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of CLEC family genes in gastric cancer prognosis immune response and treatment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Integrated multi-omics and single-cell analysis identify SERPINE1 as a key mediator of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in PDAC.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Identification and experimental validation of prognostic genes related to cytochrome c in breast cancer.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Adipokines in Breast Cancer: Decoding Genetic and Proteomic Mechanisms Underlying Migration, Invasion, and Proliferation.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Article
- Prognostic and predictive impact of NOTCH1 in early breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Review
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is an extracellular matrix-degrading protease involved in cancer invasion and metastasis, interacting with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which was originally identified as a blood-derived endogenous fast-acting inhibitor of uPA. At concentrations found in tumor tissue, however, both PAI-1 and uPA promote tumor progression and metastasis. Consistent with the causative role of uPA and PAI-1 in cancer dissemination, several retrospective and prospective studies have shown that elevated levels of uPA and PAI-1 in breast tumor tissue are statistically independent and potent predictors of poor patient outcome, including adverse outcome in the subset of breast cancer patients with lymph node-negative disease. In addition to being prognostic, high levels of uPA and PAI-1 have been shown to predict benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer. The unique clinical utility of uPA/PAI-1 as prognostic biomarkers in lymph node-negative breast cancer has been confirmed in two independent level-of-evidence-1 studies (that is, in a randomized prospective clinical trial in which the biomarker evaluation was the primary purpose of the trial and in a pooled analysis of individual data from retrospective and prospective studies). Thus, uPA and PAI-1 are among the best validated prognostic biomarkers currently available for lymph node-negative breast cancer, their main utility being the identification of lymph node-negative patients who have HER-2-negative tumors and who can be safely spared the toxicity and costs of adjuvant chemotherapy. Recently, a phase II clinical trial using the low-molecular-weight uPA inhibitor WX-671 reported activity in metastatic breast cancer.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.