ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2015
Immune deficiency: changing spectrum of pathogens.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infections after bispecific antibodies in B-cell lymphomas.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Viral Immunity in Immunoglobulin Products: Global Immunity Debt and Autoimmunity in the Postpandemic Era.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Pathogens in Primary Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies of Unknown Genetic Origin.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- IgA and IgM-enriched Immunoglobulins in Primary Immunodeficiencies: a Pilot Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of Torquetenovirus infected immunocompromised patients explored by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- CVID Enteropathy Associated With Chronic Norovirus Infection: Background, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Aspects.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- Small Bowel Villous Atrophy in a Young Patient: A Challenging Diagnosis.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Respiratory infectious burden in a cohort of antibody deficiency patients treated with immunoglobulin replacement therapy: The impact of lung pathology and gastroesophageal reflux disease.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2023Article
- Current Issues in the Management of IgG Subclass Deficiencies in Adults With Chronic Respiratory Diseases.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2023Review
- The pediatric common variable immunodeficiency - from genetics to therapy: a review.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Achromobacter xylosoxidans Pneumonia in a Young Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease-a Case-Based Review.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Impair FcγRIIA-Driven Platelet Responses to Bacteria in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Aberrant X chromosome skewing and acquired clonal hematopoiesis in adult-onset common variable immunodeficiency.JCI insight · 2019Article
- The role of respiratory viruses in children with humoral immunodeficiency on immunoglobulin replacement therapy.Pediatric pulmonology · 2019Article
- The broad spectrum of lung diseases in primary antibody deficiencies.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2018Review
- Screening protocols to monitor respiratory status in primary immunodeficiency disease: findings from a European survey and subclinical infection working group.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Article
- IL17-Producing γδ T Cells May Enhance Humoral Immunity during PulmonaryFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Article
- Respiratory Infections and Antibiotic Usage in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practiceObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current UK national standards recommend routine bacteriology surveillance in severe antibody-deficient patients, but less guidance exists on virology screening and viral infections in these patients. In this retrospective audit, we assessed the proportion of positive virology or bacteriology respiratory and stool samples from patients with severe, partial or no immune deficiency during a 2-year period. Medical notes were reviewed to identify symptomatic viral infections and to describe the course of persistent viral infections. During the 2-year period, 31 of 78 (39·7%) severe immune-deficient patients tested had a positive virology result and 89 of 160 (55.6%) had a positive bacteriology result. The most commonly detected pathogens were rhinovirus (12 patients), norovirus (6), Haemophilus influenzae (24), Pseudomonas spp. (22) and Staphylococcus aureus (21). Ninety-seven per cent of positive viral detection samples were from patients who were symptomatic. Low serum immunoglobulin IgA levels were more prevalent in patients with a positive virology sample compared to the total cohort (P = 0·0078). Three patients had persistent norovirus infection with sequential positive isolates for 9, 30 and 16 months. Virology screening of symptomatic antibody-deficient patients may be useful as a guide to anti-microbial treatment. A proportion of these patients may experience persistent viral infections with significant morbidity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.