Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25677138›Full record

ReviewAsian journal of andrology

Clinical management of infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia.

Sandro C Esteves

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Asian journal of andrology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05110391 (Sperm Retrieval Rates by Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction in Non-obstructive Azoospermic Men Subjected to Gonadotropin Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 102 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
102citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
13.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05110391 completednot on this map

Sperm Retrieval Rates by Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction in Non-obstructive Azoospermic Men Subjected to Gonadotropin Therapy

TypeobservationalSponsorANDROFERT - Clinica de Andrologia e Reproducao HumanaRan2014 to 2021Enrolled616ConditionsNon-obstructive Azoospermia, Hormone Deficiency, Hypogonadism, Male, Male InfertilityArmsHormonal Therapy Agent
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

102 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  13. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  19. Sperm and offspring production in a nonobstructive azoospermia mouse model via testicular mRNA delivery using lipid nanoparticles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Sandro C EstevesANDROFERT, Center for Male Reproduction, Campinas 13075-460, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The clinical management of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) seeking fertility has been a challenge for andrologists, urologists, and reproductive medicine specialists alike. This review presents a personal perspective on the clinical management of NOA, including the lessons learned over 15 years dealing with this male infertility condition. A five-consecutive-step algorithm is proposed to manage such patients. First, a differential diagnosis of azoospermia is made to confirm/establish that NOA is due to spermatogenic failure. Second, genetic testing is carried out not only to detect the males in whom NOA is caused by microdeletions of the long arm of the Y chromosome, but also to counsel the affected patients about their chances of having success in sperm retrieval. Third, it is determined whether any intervention prior to a surgical retrieval attempt may be used to increase sperm production. Fourth, the most effective and efficient retrieval method is selected to search for testicular sperm. Lastly, state-of-art laboratory techniques are applied in the handling of retrieved gametes and cultivating the embryos resulting from sperm injections. A coordinated multidisciplinary effort is key to offer the best possible chance of achieving a biological offspring to males with NOA.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsDisease ManagementAzoospermiaBiopsyCryopreservationDiagnosis, DifferentialGenetic TestingHumansInfertility, MaleMalePatient SelectionSperm Injections, IntracytoplasmicSperm RetrievalTestis

Identifiers

PMID25677138
PMCPMC4430952
OpenAlexW1977497930

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.