ArticleThe American journal of case reports2015
Ketamine and propofol combination ("ketofol") for endotracheal intubations in critically ill patients: a case series.
Article in The American journal of case reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of pretreatment with low-dose Esketamine on the Propofol requirements and the onset time of cisatracurium during the induction of general anesthesia: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Peri-intubation Cardiovascular Collapse During Emergency Airway Management.Pulmonary therapy · 2025Review
- Lidocaine and Dexamethasone, Ketamine and Dexamethasone, and Dexamethasone Alone in Tonsillectomy Complications.Advanced biomedical research · 2024Article
- Clinical Knowledge and Practice of "Ketofol" at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Ketofol performance to reduce postoperative emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2020Article
- Effect of Ketamine/Propofol Admixture on Peri-Induction Hemodynamics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2020Review
- Risk factors for and prediction of post-intubation hypotension in critically ill adults: A multicenter prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2020Observational
- Endotracheal Intubation Among the Critically Ill: Protocol for a Multicenter, Observational, Prospective Study.JMIR research protocols · 2018Article
- Etomidate: to use or not to use for endotracheal intubation in the critically ill?Journal of thoracic disease · 2015Article
- Long-Term Stability of Tramadol and Ketamine Solutions for Patient-Controlled Analgesia Delivery.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2015Article
- Period Prevalence of Ketamine-Propofol Admixture "Ketofol" in the Operating Room among Anesthesia Providers at an Academic Medical Center.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEndotracheal intubation is a common procedure performed for critically ill patients that can have immediate life-threatening complications. Induction medications are routinely given to facilitate the procedure, but most of these medications are associated with hypotension. While etomidate is known for its neutral hemodynamic profile, it has been linked with increased mortality in septic patients and increased morbidity in trauma patients. Ketamine and propofol are effective anesthetics with counteracting cardiovascular profiles. No data are available about the use of this combination in critically ill patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. CASE REPORT: We describe 6 cases in which the combination of ketamine and propofol ("ketofol") was used as an induction agent for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients with a focus on hemodynamic outcomes. All patients received a neuromuscular blocker and fentanyl, while 5 patients received midazolam. We recorded mean arterial pressure (MAP) 1 minute before induction and 15 minutes after intubation with the combination. Of the 6 patients, 5 maintained a MAP ≥ 65 mmHg 15 minutes after intubation. One patient was on norepinephrine infusion with a MAP of 64 mmHg, and did not require an increase in the dose of the vasopressor 15 minutes after intubation. No hemodynamic complications were reported after any of the intubations.
conclusionsThis case series describes the use of the "ketofol" combination as an induction agent for intubation in critically ill patients when hemodynamic stability is desired. Further research is needed to establish the safety of this combination and how it compares to other induction medications.
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