ArticlePloS one2015
RETRACTED Genistein improves 3-NPA-induced memory impairment in ovariectomized rats: impact of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase modulatory properties.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genistein - A Broad-spectrum Bioactive Compound with Diverse Pharmacological Potential: A Systematic Review.Current molecular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington's Disease in Preclinical Models: Mechanisms, Peripheral Toxicities, Model Gaps, and Future Directions.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective Potential of Pinostrobin in a Rat Model of Huntington's Disease: Behavioural, Biochemical, and Molecular Docking Evidence.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- AI-Enhanced Transcriptomic Discovery of Druggable Targets and Repurposed Therapies for Huntington's Disease.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Compounds from Plants for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Genistein: Insights into Multifaceted Mechanisms and Perspectives for Human Wellness.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Article
- An Update of Kaempferol Protection against Brain Damage Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion and by 3-Nitropropionic Acid.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Unprecedented effect of vitamin D3 on T-cell receptor beta subunit and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in a 3-nitropropionic acid induced mouse model of Huntington's disease.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2023Article
- Nutraceuticals and Their Contribution to Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Emerging Landscape of Natural Small-molecule Therapeutics for Huntington's Disease.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Oxidative stress-mediated memory impairment during aging and its therapeutic intervention by natural bioactive compounds.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Genistein: A Potential Natural Lead Molecule for New Drug Design and Development for Treating Memory Impairment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Oxidative Stress in Mucopolysaccharidoses: Pharmacological Implications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Genistein Prevents Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Dysfunctions by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Hippocampus.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Genistein enhances expression of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and learning and memory of mouse.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2021Article
- Genistein and Galantamine Combinations Decrease β-Amyloid PeptideNeurotoxicity research · 2020Article
- Early Reactive A1 Astrocytes Induction by the Neurotoxin 3-Nitropropionic Acid in Rat Brain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Sexual hormones regulate the redox status and mitochondrial function in the brain. Pathological implications.Redox biology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-11-05Duplication of/in Image · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Third Party · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/5A5AA21186178CC94803ECADFCCB61
- Retracted
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The pre-motor symptomatic stages of the disease are commonly characterized by cognitive problems including memory loss. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a mitochondrial toxin that produces selective lesions in the brain similar to that of HD and was proven to cause memory impairment in rodents. Phytoestrogens have well-established neuroprotective and memory enhancing effects with fewer side effects in comparison to estrogens. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective and memory enhancing effect of genistein (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), a phytoestrogen, in ovariectomized rats challenged with 3-NPA (20 mg/kg). These potential effects were compared to those of 17β-estradiol (2.5 mg/kg). Systemic administration of 3-NPA for 4 consecutive days impaired locomotor activity, decreased retention latencies in the passive avoidance task, decreased striatal, cortical and hippocampal ATP levels, increased oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions. Pretreatment with genistein and 17β-estradiol attenuated locomotor hypoactivity, increased retention latencies in the passive avoidance task, increased ATP levels, improved the oxidative stress profile, attenuated the increase in AChE activity and decreased the expression of COX-2 and iNOS. Overall, the higher genistein dose (20 mg/kg) was the most effective. In conclusion, this study suggests neuroprotective and memory enhancing effects for genistein in a rat model of HD. These effects might be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholinesterase inhibitory activities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.