Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25674175›Full record

ArticleThe open respiratory medicine journal2014

Systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids: an overview.

Dhruti Pandya, Amar Puttanna, Viswanatha Balagopal

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The open respiratory medicine journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
8.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  5. Trial
  6. Trial
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  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Inhaled Corticosteroid/Long-Acting βAdvances in therapy · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Immunological Status of Saliva in Children with Asthma by Disease Severity.International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2025
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dhruti PandyaDepartment of Endocrinology, Walsall Manor Hospital, West Midlands, WS2 9PS, UK.
Amar PuttannaDepartment of Endocrinology, Walsall Manor Hospital, West Midlands, WS2 9PS, UK.
Viswanatha BalagopalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall, West Midlands, WS2 9PS, UK.
Manor Hospital · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are common medications, used in respiratory medicine for controlling conditions such as asthma and other obstructive airway diseases. The systemic effects of oral corticosteroids are well known and established; inhaled steroids have been known to cause relatively minor and localized adverse effects such as oral candidiasis. However, less attention has been paid to their systemic effects. Although currently there is a paucity of prospective studies demonstrating the systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids, there are numerous retrospective studies adding evidence to this link. Inhaled corticosteroids can affect the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, bone density and growth, eyes, skin and immunity including an increased risk of pneumonia. Clinicians are recommended to aim for the lowest possible dose to avoid these systemic side effects. Fluticasone is more likely to cause systemic effects compared to budesonide. Newer ICS molecules such as ciclesonide may be more beneficial in reducing such systemic complications on prolonged use. This paper provides an updated overview of the common systemic effects encountered with ICS treatment.

Indexed as

Asthmachronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)diabetes progressionhypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axisinhaled corticosteroids (ICS)systemic adverse effects.

Identifiers

PMID25674175
PMCPMC4319197
OpenAlexW2101045381

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.