Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25673842›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2015

Revisiting the evidence for collapsing boundaries and urgency signals in perceptual decision-making.

Guy E Hawkins, Birte U Forstmann, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Roger Ratcliff, Scott D Brown

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
129citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

129 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. A Movement-Independent Signature of Urgency during Human Perceptual Decision-Making.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
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  16. Learning expectations shape cognitive control allocation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  19. Integrated Ising model with global inhibition for decision-making.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  20. Article

69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Guy E HawkinsSchool of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia, guy.e.hawkins@gmail.com.
Birte U ForstmannAmsterdam Brain and Cognition and.
Eric-Jan WagenmakersDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018WS, The Netherlands, and.
Roger RatcliffDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
Scott D BrownSchool of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

For nearly 50 years, the dominant account of decision-making holds that noisy information is accumulated until a fixed threshold is crossed. This account has been tested extensively against behavioral and neurophysiological data for decisions about consumer goods, perceptual stimuli, eyewitness testimony, memories, and dozens of other paradigms, with no systematic misfit between model and data. Recently, the standard model has been challenged by alternative accounts that assume that less evidence is required to trigger a decision as time passes. Such "collapsing boundaries" or "urgency signals" have gained popularity in some theoretical accounts of neurophysiology. Nevertheless, evidence in favor of these models is mixed, with support coming from only a narrow range of decision paradigms compared with a long history of support from dozens of paradigms for the standard theory. We conducted the first large-scale analysis of data from humans and nonhuman primates across three distinct paradigms using powerful model-selection methods to compare evidence for fixed versus collapsing bounds. Overall, we identified evidence in favor of the standard model with fixed decision boundaries. We further found that evidence for static or dynamic response boundaries may depend on specific paradigms or procedures, such as the extent of task practice. We conclude that the difficulty of selecting between collapsing and fixed bounds models has received insufficient attention in previous research, calling into question some previous results.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsAnimalsDecision MakingDiscrimination, PsychologicalFemaleHumansMacaca mulattaMaleModels, NeurologicalMotion PerceptionPhotic StimulationReaction TimeVisual PerceptionYoung Adultdecision-makingdiffusion modelhumannonhuman primateresponse time

Identifiers

PMID25673842
PMCPMC6605613

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.