ReviewCritical care (London, England)2014
Association between Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion, antibiotic resistance, and clinical outcome: a review.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- In search of the best method to detect carriage of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in humans: a systematic review.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2024Pooled it
- Phosphatidylserine externalization and procoagulant activation of erythrocytes induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2016Trial
- Comparative study of antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of exoU and exoS Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from urinary tract infections and microbial keratitis in Bangladesh and India.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Beyond probiotics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus as a multi-target antagonist of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Development of a Highly Specific RPA/CRISPR-Cas13a Assay for Detection ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Fc-free single-chain antibody mRNA therapy for airway infection of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Comparison of clinical and microbiological features between mucoid and non-mucoidMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Comparison of virulence factors genes between exoU and exoS Pseudomonas aeruginosa in microbial keratitis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenicity ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- High-resolution long-read sequencing maps genomic Island-associated gene duplication in South African carbapenem non-susceptibleFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiological association between antimicrobial resistance characteristics and type III secretion system in carbapenem-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Anti-QS Strategies AgainstMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Differences in antimicrobial resistance between exoU and exoS isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the molecular epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in lung infections among cystic fibrosis patients in the Brazilian Amazon.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance ofVeterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Multidrug resistance ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Impact ofCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular Epidemiology ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A Supramolecular Antibiotic Targeting Drug-ResistantACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Impact of multidrug resistance on the virulence and fitness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a microbiological and clinical perspective.Infection · 2024Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a complex type III secretion system to inject the toxins ExoS, ExoT, ExoU, and ExoY into the cytosol of target eukaryotic cells. This system is regulated by the exoenzyme S regulon and includes the transcriptional activator ExsA. Of the four toxins, ExoU is characterized as the major virulence factor responsible for alveolar epithelial injury in patients with P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Virulent strains of P. aeruginosa possess the exoU gene, whereas non-virulent strains lack this particular gene. The mechanism of virulence for the exoU+ genotype relies on the presence of a pathogenic gene cluster (PAPI-2) encoding exoU and its chaperone, spcU. The ExoU toxin has a patatin-like phospholipase domain in its N-terminal, exhibits phospholipase A2 activity, and requires a eukaryotic cell factor for activation. The C-terminal of ExoU has a ubiquitinylation mechanism of activation. This probably induces a structural change in enzymatic active sites required for phospholipase A2 activity. In P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, the exoU+ genotype correlates with a fluoroquinolone resistance phenotype. Additionally, poor clinical outcomes have been observed in patients with pneumonia caused by exoU+-fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Therefore, the potential exists to improve clinical outcomes in patients with P. aeruginosa pneumonia by identifying virulent and antimicrobial drug-resistant strains through exoU genotyping or ExoU protein phenotyping or both.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.