ArticleAllergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2014
Anaphylaxis-related deaths in Ontario: a retrospective review of cases from 1986 to 2011.
Article in Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of Fatal Anaphylaxis: A Systematic Review.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for severe reactions in food allergy: Rapid evidence review with meta-analysis.Allergy · 2022Pooled it
- Global patterns in anaphylaxis due to specific foods: A systematic review.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Real-World Shelf Life of Epinephrine Auto-Injectors in Canada: Implications for Renewal Frequency and Patient Burden.Journal of market access & health policy · 2026Article
- RECOVER Guidelines: First Aid. Evidence, Treatment Recommendations, Knowledge Gap Analysis, and Clinical Guidelines for Acute Allergy and Anaphylaxis in Dogs and Cats.Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) · 2026Article
- Mechanism of Cardiac Arrest in Fatal Anaphylaxis.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Changes in anaphylaxis trends and characteristics in emergency department admissions in Türkiye: From 2015 to 2021 based on the Ministry of Health database.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
- Adrenaline Auto-Injectors for Preventing Fatal Anaphylaxis.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025Review
- Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2024Review
- Experiences and perceptions of people with celiac disease, food allergies and food intolerance when dining out.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Mast Cells and Basophils in IgE-Independent Anaphylaxis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests caused by anaphylaxis and factors associated with outcomes: an observational study.BMJ open · 2022Observational
- Knowledge gaps in food allergy among the general public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Insights based on the Chicago food allergy research survey.Frontiers in allergy · 2022Article
- Anaphylaxis in Chinese Children: Different Clinical Profile Between Children with and without a History of Asthma/Recurrent Wheezing.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2022Article
- Skin prick test in milk allergic patients undergoing oral immunotherapy: Does the milk form used for skin tests matter?Frontiers in allergy · 2022Article
- Risk factors of beta-lactam anaphylaxis in Korea: A 6-year multicenter retrospective adult case-control study.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2021Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of peanut allergy in US adults.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Fatal Anaphylaxis: Epidemiology and Risk Factors.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExamining deaths caused by anaphylaxis may help identify factors that may decrease the risk of these unfortunate events. However, information on fatal anaphylaxis is limited. The objectives of our study were to examine all cases of fatal anaphylaxis in Ontario to determine cause of death, associated features, co factors and trends in mortality. The identification of these factors is important for developing effective strategies to overcome gaps in monitoring and treatment of patients with food allergies and risk for anaphylaxis.
methodsThis was a retrospective case-series analysis of all causes of anaphylaxis-related deaths using data from the Ontario Coroner's database between 1986 and 2011. Quantitative data (e.g. demographic) were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency analysis using SPSS. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis of grounded theory methodology.
resultsWe found 92 deaths in the last 26 years related to anaphylaxis. Causes of death, in order of decreasing frequency, included food (40 cases), insect venom (30 cases), iatrogenic (16 cases), and idiopathic (6 cases). Overall, there appears to be a decline in the frequency of food related deaths, but an increase in iatrogenic causes of fatalities. We found factors associated with fatal anaphylaxis included: delayed epinephrine administration, asthma, allergy to peanut, food ingestion outside the home, and teenagers with food allergies.
conclusionsOur findings indicate the need to improve epinephrine auto-injector use in acute reactions, particularly for teens and asthmatics with food allergies. In addition, education can be improved among food service workers and food industry in order to help food allergic patients avoid potentially fatal allergens. The increasing trend in iatrogenic related anaphylaxis is concerning, and requires monitoring and more investigation.
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