ArticlePlant physiology2015
Identification of the primary lesion of toxic aluminum in plant roots.
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Article in Plant physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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55citing papers in PubMed
39.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative genomics resolves rice loci associated with acidic soil-related aluminum, cadmium, and manganese stress responses.Plant cell reports · 2026Article
- Aluminum and iron interactions in commelina communis: additive chloroplast toxicity versus synergistic internal and rhizosphere detoxification.Protoplasma · 2026Article
- Synchrotron X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy in Soil Improvement and Remediation: A Review and Perspective.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- miR156 Is a Negative Regulator of Aluminum Response inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Two genes encoding a bacterial-type ABC transporter function in aluminum tolerance in soybean.Plant cell reports · 2024Article
- SlSTOP1-regulatedHorticulture research · 2024Article
- Two Half-Size ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Are Implicated in Aluminum Tolerance in Soybean.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- From Stand to Forest: Woody Plant Recruitment in an Andean Restoration Project.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Stylo Cysteine-Rich PeptideInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Physiological and Proteomic Changes inGenes · 2023Article
- PP2C.D phosphatase SAL1 positively regulates aluminum resistance via restriction of aluminum uptake in rice.Plant physiology · 2023Article
- Advances in sparse dynamic scanning in spectromicroscopy through compressive sensing.PloS one · 2023Article
- microRNAs: Key Players in Plant Response to Metal Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Low Concentration of Aluminum-Stimulated Pollen Tube Growth of Apples (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Aluminum in plant: Benefits, toxicity and tolerance mechanisms.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Phytohormone signalling and cross-talk to alleviate aluminium toxicity in plants.Plant cell reports · 2021Review
- Exploratory analysis in the evaluation of stress due to aluminum presence in Physalis angulata L. and multielement determination by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Aluminum or Low pH - Which Is the Bigger Enemy of Barley? Transcriptome Analysis of Barley Root Meristem Under Al and Low pH Stress.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptomic Responses ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Role ofPlant direct · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Peter M KopittkeSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.) p.kopittke@uq.edu.au.
Katie L MooreSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Enzo LombiSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Alessandra GianoncelliSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Brett J FergusonSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
F Pax C BlameySchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Neal W MenziesSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Timothy M NicholsonSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Brigid A McKennaSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Peng WangSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Peter M GresshoffSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
George KourousiasSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Richard I WebbSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Kathryn GreenSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Alina TollenaereSchools of Agriculture and Food Sciences (P.M.K., B.J.F., F.P.C.B., N.W.M., B.A.M., P.W., P.M.G., A.T.) andChemical Engineering (T.M.N.) andCentres for Integrative Legume Research (B.J.F., P.M.G., A.T.) andMicroscopy and Microanalysis (R.I.W., K.G.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom (K.L.M.);Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia (E.L.); andTwinMic Beamline, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste-Basovizza, Italy (A.G., G.K.).
Agriculture and Food · AUElettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. · ITUniversity of Queensland · AUInstitute of Chemical Engineering · BGUniversity of Oxford · GBUniversity of South Australia · AU
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the rhizotoxicity of aluminum (Al) being identified over 100 years ago, there is still no consensus regarding the mechanisms whereby root elongation rate is initially reduced in the approximately 40% of arable soils worldwide that are acidic. We used high-resolution kinematic analyses, molecular biology, rheology, and advanced imaging techniques to examine soybean (Glycine max) roots exposed to Al. Using this multidisciplinary approach, we have conclusively shown that the primary lesion of Al is apoplastic. In particular, it was found that 75 µm Al reduced root growth after only 5 min (or 30 min at 30 µm Al), with Al being toxic by binding to the walls of outer cells, which directly inhibited their loosening in the elongation zone. An alteration in the biosynthesis and distribution of ethylene and auxin was a second, slower effect, causing both a transient decrease in the rate of cell elongation after 1.5 h but also a longer term gradual reduction in the length of the elongation zone. These findings show the importance of focusing on traits related to cell wall composition as well as mechanisms involved in wall loosening to overcome the deleterious effects of soluble Al.
Indexed as
AluminumBiological TransportCell WallEthylenesGenes, ReporterGlycine maxIndoleacetic AcidsPlant Growth RegulatorsPlant RootsSeedlingsAluminumethyleneEthylenesIndoleacetic AcidsPlant Growth Regulators
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