ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2015
Force production and mechanical accommodation during convergent extension.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- StrainMapperJ: An Easy-to-Use Digital Image Correlation Toolkit for Exploring and Quantifying the Mechanics of Deforming Tissues.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Article
- Shape, Strain, and Stability: Epithelia Under High Strain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Quantifying convergent extension: Shih and Keller's quintessential work in developmental cell biology.Developmental biology · 2025Article
- The TissueTractor: A Device for Applying Large Strains to Tissues and Cells for Simultaneous High-Resolution Live Cell Microscopy.Small methods · 2025Article
- A multi-tiered mechanical mechanism shapes the early neural plate.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Temporal dynamics of BMP/Nodal ratio drive tissue-specific gastrulation morphogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Prickle2 regulates apical junction remodeling and tissue fluidity during vertebrate neurulation.The Journal of cell biology · 2025Article
- The TissueTractor, a device for applying large strains to tissues and cells for simultaneous high-resolution live cell microscopy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Temporal dynamics of BMP/Nodal ratio drive tissue-specific gastrulation morphogenesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Mechanical control of neural plate folding by apical domain alteration.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Sculpting with stiffness: rigidity as a regulator of morphogenesis.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Review
- Downregulation of extraembryonic tension controls body axis formation in avian embryos.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Quantifying stiffness and forces of tumor colonies and embryos using a magnetic microrobot.Science robotics · 2023Article
- Time-lapse mechanical imaging of neural tube closure in live embryo using Brillouin microscopy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Microsurgical Methods to Make the Keller Sandwich Explant and the Dorsal Isolate.Cold Spring Harbor protocols · 2022Article
- Quantitative Experimental Embryology: A Modern Classical Approach.Journal of developmental biology · 2022Review
- Chambers for Culturing and ImmobilizingCold Spring Harbor protocols · 2022Article
- Forces in stem cells and cancer stem cells.Cells & development · 2022Review
- ARVCF catenin controls force production during vertebrate convergent extension.Developmental cell · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Forces generated within the embryo during convergent extension (CE) must overcome mechanical resistance to push the head away from the rear. As mechanical resistance increases more than eightfold during CE and can vary twofold from individual to individual, we have proposed that developmental programs must include mechanical accommodation in order to maintain robust morphogenesis. To test this idea and investigate the processes that generate forces within early embryos, we developed a novel gel-based sensor to report force production as a tissue changes shape; we find that the mean stress produced by CE is 5.0±1.6 Pascal (Pa). Experiments with the gel-based force sensor resulted in three findings. (1) Force production and mechanical resistance can be coupled through myosin contractility. The coupling of these processes can be hidden unless affected tissues are challenged by physical constraints. (2) CE is mechanically adaptive; dorsal tissues can increase force production up to threefold to overcome a stiffer microenvironment. These findings demonstrate that mechanical accommodation can ensure robust morphogenetic movements against environmental and genetic variation that might otherwise perturb development and growth. (3) Force production is distributed between neural and mesodermal tissues in the dorsal isolate, and the notochord, a central structure involved in patterning vertebrate morphogenesis, is not required for force production during late gastrulation and early neurulation. Our findings suggest that genetic factors that coordinately alter force production and mechanical resistance are common during morphogenesis, and that their cryptic roles can be revealed when tissues are challenged by controlled biophysical constraints.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.