ArticleExperimental and therapeutic medicine2015
Magnesium modulates the expression levels of calcification-associated factors to inhibit calcification in a time-dependent manner.
Article in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized Trial of Magnesium Oxide and Oral Carbon Adsorbent for Coronary Artery Calcification in Predialysis CKD.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Characterization of Tetracalcium Phosphate/Monetite Biocement Modified by Magnesium Pyrophosphate.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Medial Arterial Calcification: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2021Review
- MicroRNA-103a regulates the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting runt-related transcription factor 2 in high phosphorus conditions.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Targeting Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2020Review
- Review
- Deposition of calcium in an in vitro model of human breast tumour calcification reveals functional role for ALP activity, altered expression of osteogenic genes and dysregulation of the TRPM7 ion channel.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Menaquinone-4 modulates the expression levels of calcification-associated factors to inhibit calcification of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
- Magnesium Replacement to Protect Cardiovascular and Kidney Damage? Lack of Prospective Clinical Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Magnesium prevents vascular calcification in vitro by inhibition of hydroxyapatite crystal formation.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Lower serum magnesium is associated with vascular calcification in peritoneal dialysis patients: a cross sectional study.BMC nephrology · 2017Article
- Clinical features of CKD-MBD in Japan: cohort studies and registry.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2017Review
- Effects of Magnesium on the Phosphate Toxicity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Time for Intervention Studies.Nutrients · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-01-20Duplication of Data · Duplication of/in Image · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Unreliable Data · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/7851E42997E2DFAE5654CE8D20A622
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vascular calcification, a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease, involves a variety of mechanisms associated with the regulation of calcification-associated factors. Previous clinical studies have indicated that magnesium is involved in the reduction of vascular calcification; however, the mechanism underlying this process remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of magnesium on β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)-induced calcification and the underlying mechanisms. Primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were exposed to 10 mM β-GP in medium with or without the addition of 3 mM magnesium or 2-aminoethoxy-diphenylborate (2-APB; an inhibitor of magnesium transport), for a 14-day period. Calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured by Alizarin red staining, quantification of calcium and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of core-binding factor α-1 (Cbfα1), matrix Gla protein (MGP) and osteopontin (OPN) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or western blot analysis, following incubation for 0, 3, 6, 10 and 14 days with the different media. VSMC calcification and ALP activity was reduced significantly in the high-magnesium medium compared with the calcification medium, during the 14-day incubation. The magnesium-induced changes in the VSMCs included a β-GP-induced downregulation of Cbfα1 by day 3 of incubation, an effect that was gradually enhanced over the 14-day period. By contrast, magnesium produced notable increases in MGP and OPN expression levels, with an opposite pattern to that observed in the Cbfα1 expression levels. However, the addition of 2-APB appeared to inhibit the protective effect of magnesium on the VSMCs. Therefore, magnesium was able to effectively reduce β-GP-induced calcification in rat VSMCs by regulating the expression levels of calcification-associated factors in a time-dependent manner.
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