ArticlePoultry science2015
Microbial communities present in the lower respiratory tract of clinically healthy birds in Pakistan.
Article in Poultry science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the chicken respiratory microbiome: a comprehensive meta-analysis of factors shaping chicken respiratory microbiota.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Tracheal and cloacal bacterial diversity of red listed Eastern Imperial Eagle (Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Effect of bardoxolone methyl on the lower reproductive tract microbiome in turkey breeder hens.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Exploring the complexities of poultry respiratory microbiota: colonization, composition, and impact on health.Animal microbiome · 2024Review
- A succession of pulmonary microbiota in broilers during the growth cycle.Poultry science · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Changes inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- The Microbial Community of the Respiratory Tract of Commercial Chickens and Turkeys.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Litter Management Strategies and Their Impact on the Environmental and Respiratory Microbiome Might Influence Health in Poultry.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Rational Use of Danofloxacin for Treatment ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Metagenomics analysis of the fecal microbiota in Ring-necked pheasants (Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Effects of Different Ammonia Concentrations on Pulmonary Microbial Flora, Lung Tissue Mucosal Morphology, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Neurotransmitters of Broilers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Uncovering the core principles of the gut-lung axis to enhance innate immunity in the chicken.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Metagenomic Analysis of the Respiratory Microbiome of a Broiler Flock from Hatching to Processing.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Bacterial communities of the upper respiratory tract of turkeys.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Assessment of two DNA extraction kits for profiling poultry respiratory microbiota from multiple sample types.PloS one · 2021Article
- Prudent Use of Tylosin for Treatment ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- The Development of the Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Layer Chickens in Different Growth Periods.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Respiratory and Gut Microbiota in Commercial Turkey Flocks with Disparate Weight Gain Trajectories Display Differential Compositional Dynamics.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- Farm Stage, Bird Age, and Body Site Dominantly Affect the Quantity, Taxonomic Composition, and Dynamics of Respiratory and Gut Microbiota of Commercial Layer Chickens.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Commercial poultry is an important agricultural industry worldwide. Although dense living conditions and large flocks increase meat and egg production, they also increase the risk of disease outbreaks and zoonoses. Current pathogen identification methods mostly rely on culture-dependent techniques and, therefore, are limited to a very small number of bacteria present in the environment. Next Generation Sequencing allows for culture-independent characterization of lower respiratory microbiome of birds including the identification of novel commensals and potentially emerging pathogens. In this study, we collected tracheo-bronchoalveolar lavage of 14 birds raised at 3 different farms in the Punjab province of Pakistan. To characterize the lower respiratory microbiome of these birds, we sequenced hyper-variable regions of the 16S ribosomal subunit gene. Although dominated by bacteria belonging to a small number of taxonomic classifications, the lower respiratory microbiome from each farm was far more diverse and novel than previously known. The differences in microbiome among farms suggest that inter-farm differences affect the microbiome of birds more than breed, geographic location, or management system. The presence of potential and known pathogens in genetically similar specialty breeds of chickens kept at unnaturally high densities and under variable conditions presents an extraordinary opportunity for the selection of highly pathogenic bacteria. In some instances, opportunistic respiratory pathogens were observed in apparently healthy birds. Understanding and monitoring the respiratory microbiome of such populations may allow the early detection of future disease threats.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.