ReviewChild psychiatry and human development2015
Adolescent-Onset Depression: Are Obesity and Inflammation Developmental Mechanisms or Outcomes?
Review in Child psychiatry and human development, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial Outcomes Following Adolescent Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity surgery · 2019Pooled it
- Engagement, Acceptability, and Effectiveness of the Self-Care and Coach-Supported Versions of the Vira Digital Behavior Change Platform Among Young Adults at Risk for Depression and Obesity: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2024Trial
- Neural response to reward as a potential pathway from inflammation to anhedonia in adolescents at risk for depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Familial and genetic relationships of major depressive disorders and adiposity markers in the community.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Joint Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Body Mass Index From Adolescence to Early Adulthood: Longitudinal Observational Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2025Article
- Identifying Cardiovascular Disease Risk Endotypes of Adolescent Major Depressive Disorder Using Exploratory Unsupervised Machine Learning.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Delaying high school start times impacts depressed mood among students: evidence from a natural experiment.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Neighborhood Belonging, and Inflammation Among Adolescents.Psychosomatic medicine · 2024Article
- Functional Outcomes Among Young People With Trajectories of Persistent Childhood Psychopathology.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Associations between depression and the incident risk of obesity in southwest China: A community population prospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Obesity, inflammation, and depression in adolescents.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- The core inflammatory factors in patients with major depressive disorder: a network analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Cytokine alterations in pediatric internalizing disorders: Systematic review and exploratory multi-variate meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- The illness-disease dichotomy and the biological-clinical splitting of medicine.Medical humanities · 2021Article
- Rebuilding Microbiome for Mitigating Traumatic Brain Injury: Importance of Restructuring the Gut-Microbiome-Brain Axis.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Review
- Associations between peripheral inflammation and resting state functional connectivity in adolescents.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Psychosocial Factors and Obesity in Adolescence: A Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a rat model of co-morbid obesity and psychogenic stress.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Exposure to Vicarious Social Defeat Stress and Western-Style Diets During Adolescence Leads to Physiological Dysregulation, Decreases in Reward Sensitivity, and Reduced Antidepressant Efficacy in Adulthood.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Childhood overweight and obesity and the risk of depression across the lifespan.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression often has its first onset during adolescence and is associated with obesity. Furthermore, inflammatory processes have been implicated in both depression and obesity, although research amongst adolescents is limited. This review explores associations between depression and obesity, depression and inflammation, and obesity and inflammation from a developmental perspective. The temporal relations between these factors are examined to explore whether obesity and elevated inflammation act as either risk factors for, or outcomes of, adolescent-onset depression. Sex differences in these processes are also summarized. We propose a model whereby increases in sex hormones during puberty increase risk for depression for females, which can lead to obesity, which in turn increases levels of inflammation. Importantly, this model suggests that inflammation and obesity are outcomes of adolescent depression, rather than initial contributing causes. Further research on biological and psychosocial effects of sex hormones is needed, as is longitudinal research with children and adolescents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.