SynthesisWorld journal of gastroenterology2015
Central obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk after adjusting for body mass index.
Synthesis in World journal of gastroenterology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 208 citations in OpenAlex.
- MASLD and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Lifestyle as well as metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of evidence from observational studies and randomized controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a metabolic disease in humans: A literature review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Dietary and Lifestyle Interventions on the Amelioration of NAFLD in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: The FLIPAN Study.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Effect of 2 years of calorie restriction on liver biomarkers: results from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Joint association of body roundness index and HOMA-IR with risk of MASLD in Korean populations.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Screening, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Staging of Obesity in Adults: Standards of Care in Overweight and Obesity-2026.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Review
- Isocaloric-restricted traditional Jiangnan diet combined with physical exercise on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Increased Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Lean vs Non-lean MASLD: A Multicenter Analysis.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics of Metabolic Dysfunction Steatotic Liver Disease in Asian-American Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Functional Foods as Modulators of Epigenetic Mechanisms Affecting Metabolic Health in Adolescence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Burden of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among young and middle-aged adults in primary care clinics of Karachi, Pakistan.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Preoperative Metabolic Risk Factors and Outcomes in Living Donor Liver Transplant in HBV Recipients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Dietary patterns and their relationship with hepatobiliary health in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and gallstone disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of geriatric nutritional risk index with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and subtypes in Chinese elderly: identification of an overnutrition risk threshold and implications for extended risk stratification.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Prevalence of MASLD and fibrosis in Turkey: Results from a multicenter study of at-risk populations.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Markers Of Insulin Resistance and Their Clinical Implications In Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Development of a Neural Network to Detect Hepatic Steatosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Beyond BMI: central obesity identifies overlooked fatty liver disease risk in adults with normal body mass index undergoing routine health examinations.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Pregnancy Dysglycemia and Estimated Risk of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease 10-14 Years After Delivery.O&G open · 2025Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo investigate whether central obesity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) formation after adjusting for general obesity.
methodsThe online databases PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science were searched for studies estimating the influence of central obesity on NAFLD occurrence published through April 2014. Studies that did not adjust for body mass index (BMI) were excluded. In addition, the independent effect of BMI was also assessed with the included studies. The pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects models based on the degree of heterogeneity. Furthermore, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were performed.
resultsTwenty eligible studies were identified. The summary odds ratio (OR) values per-unit increase in waist circumference (WC) and BMI for NAFLD formation were 1.07 (95%CI: 1.03-1.10, I (2) = 73.9%, n = 11 studies) and 1.25 (95%CI: 1.13-1.38, I (2) = 88.7%, n = 11 studies), respectively. When the indices were expressed as binary variables (with the non-obesity group as reference), the pooled OR in WC, waist-to-hip ratio, and BMI were 2.34 (95%CI: 1.83-3.00, I (2) = 41.8%, n = 7 studies), 4.06 (95%CI: 1.53-10.79, I (2) = 65.7%, n = 3 studies), and 2.85 (95%CI: 1.60-5.08, I (2) = 57.8%, n = 5 studies), respectively. Using the same studies as the latter (n = 5), pooled OR in WC was 3.14 (95%CI: 2.07-4.77), which is greater than that in BMI.
conclusionCentral obesity may pose a greater threat to national health than general obesity, although both are independently associated with increased risk of NAFLD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.