Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25660575›Full record

SynthesisThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2015

Risk of all-cause mortality and vascular events in women versus men with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rachel R Huxley, Sanne A E Peters, Gita D Mishra, Mark Woodward

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readHistorical ArticleMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04133922 (Effect of GLP-1 on Microvascular Insulin Responses in Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 186 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
186citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
21.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04133922 early_phase1withdrawnstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Effect of GLP-1 on Microvascular Insulin Responses in Type 1 Diabetes

Ran2019Enrolled0Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsInsulin Sensitivity/Resistance, Type 1 DiabetesArmsDextrose 20 % in Water, GLP-1, Insulin
PMID 27295427PMID 27436611PMID 28479155PMID 15983263PMID 10362825PMID 11914261PMID 12360169PMID 15353407PMID 26936306PMID 26455399PMID 25998289PMID 24658303other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

186 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 369 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Guideline
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

126 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

Rachel R HuxleySchool of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: r.huxley@uq.edu.au.
Sanne A E PetersJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; The George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Gita D MishraSchool of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Mark WoodwardThe George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
University of Queensland · AUThe George Institute for Global Health · AUUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies have suggested sex differences in the mortality rate associated with type 1 diabetes. We did a meta-analysis to provide reliable estimates of any sex differences in the effect of type 1 diabetes on risk of all-cause mortality and cause-specific outcomes.

methodsWe systematically searched PubMed for studies published between Jan 1, 1966, and Nov 26, 2014. Selected studies reported sex-specific estimates of the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) or hazard ratios associated with type 1 diabetes, either for all-cause mortality or cause-specific outcomes. We used random effects meta-analyses with inverse variance weighting to obtain sex-specific SMRs and their pooled ratio (women to men) for all-cause mortality, for mortality from cardiovascular disease, renal disease, cancer, the combined outcome of accident and suicide, and from incident coronary heart disease and stroke associated with type 1 diabetes.

findingsData from 26 studies including 214 114 individuals and 15 273 events were included. The pooled women-to-men ratio of the SMR for all-cause mortality was 1·37 (95% CI 1·21-1·56), for incident stroke 1·37 (1·03-1·81), for fatal renal disease 1·44 (1·02-2·05), and for fatal cardiovascular diseases 1·86 (1·62-2·15). For incident coronary heart disease the sex difference was more extreme; the pooled women-to-men ratio of the SMR was 2·54 (95% CI 1·80-3·60). No evidence suggested a sex difference for mortality associated with type 1 diabetes from cancer, or accident and suicide.

interpretationWomen with type 1 diabetes have a roughly 40% greater excess risk of all-cause mortality, and twice the excess risk of fatal and nonfatal vascular events, compared with men with type 1 diabetes.

fundingNone.

Indexed as

Sex CharacteristicsAnalysis of VarianceDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetic AngiopathiesFemaleHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHumansMale

Identifiers

PMID25660575
OpenAlexW2167676945

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.