ArticleVirology2015
Assessment of transmission, pathogenesis and adaptation of H2 subtype influenza viruses in ferrets.
Article in Virology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- T-cell-mediated immunity to influenza A (H2N3): implications for caccine efficacy and cross-subtype protection.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Identification of clinical and virological correlates associated with influenza A candidate vaccine virus (CVV) attenuation in a ferret model.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Dual receptor-binding, infectivity, and transmissibility of an emerging H2N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus.Nature communications · 2024Article
- MHC class II proteins mediate sialic acid independent entry of human and avian H2N2 influenza A viruses.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Risk assessment of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus from mink.Nature communications · 2024Article
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- Comparative Pathology of Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Continued adaptation of A/H2N2 viruses during pandemic circulation in humans.The Journal of general virology · 2023Article
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- Article
- Varying Viral Replication and Disease Profiles of H2N2 Influenza in Ferrets Is Associated with Virus Isolate and Inoculation Route.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- The pathogenicity and transmission of live bird market H2N2 avian influenza viruses in chickens, Pekin ducks, and guinea fowl.Veterinary microbiology · 2021Article
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- Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive H2 HA Influenza Vaccines Elicited Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies and Protected Mice from Viral Challenges.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Ferreting Out Influenza Virus Pathogenicity and Transmissibility: Past and Future Risk Assessments in the Ferret Model.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2020Review
- Glycomics and glycoproteomics of viruses: Mass spectrometry applications and insights toward structure-function relationships.Mass spectrometry reviews · 2020Review
- Whole Genome Sequencing of A(H3N2) Influenza Viruses Reveals Variants Associated with Severity during the 2016⁻2017 Season.Viruses · 2019Article
- The structural variability of the influenza A hemagglutinin receptor-binding site.Briefings in functional genomics · 2018Review
- Review
- Cellular immune response to human influenza viruses differs between H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes in the ferret lung.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
After their disappearance from the human population in 1968, influenza H2 viruses have continued to circulate in the natural avian reservoir. The isolation of this virus subtype from multiple bird species as well as swine highlights the need to better understand the potential of these viruses to spread and cause disease in humans. Here we analyzed the virulence, transmissibility and receptor-binding preference of two avian influenza H2 viruses (H2N2 and H2N3) and compared them to a swine H2N3 (A/swine/Missouri/2124514/2006 [swMO]), and a human H2N2 (A/England/10/1967 [Eng/67]) virus using the ferret model as a mammalian host. Both avian H2 viruses possessed the capacity to spread efficiently between cohoused ferrets, and the swine (swMO) and human (Eng/67) viruses transmitted to naïve ferrets by respiratory droplets. Further characterization of the swMO hemagglutinin (HA) by x-ray crystallography and glycan microarray array identified receptor-specific adaptive mutations. As influenza virus quasispecies dynamics during transmission have not been well characterized, we sequenced nasal washes collected during transmission studies to better understand experimental adaptation of H2 HA. The avian H2 viruses isolated from ferret nasal washes contained mutations in the HA1, including a Gln226Leu substitution, which is a mutation associated with α2,6 sialic acid (human-like) binding preference. These results suggest that the molecular structure of HA in viruses of the H2 subtype continue to have the potential to adapt to a mammalian host and become transmissible, after acquiring additional genetic markers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.