Trial reportPloS one2015
Ethnic differences in mammographic densities: an Asian cross-sectional study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of mammographic breast density on locoregional recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Pooled it
- Attributable breast cancer burden in Malaysia: mammographic density, lifestyle, and hereditary factors.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Association Between Baseline Mammographic Breast Density and the Incidence of Natural Menopause in Korean Women: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Using National Health Screening Data.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Parity and breastfeeding are contributing factors for geographical differences in breast cancer risk.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Age at First Full-term Pregnancy and Other Reproductive Factors Are Associated with Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Study in Flanders, Belgium.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Concordant and discordant breast density patterns by different approaches for assessing breast density and breast cancer risk.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Trajectories of breast density change over time and subsequent breast cancer risk: longitudinal study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Reproductive factors and mammographic density within the International Consortium of Mammographic Density: A cross-sectional study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Association between Family History of Breast Cancer and Breast Density in Saudi Premenopausal Women Participating in Mammography Screening.Clinics and practice · 2024Article
- A background parenchymal enhancement quantification framework of breast magnetic resonance imaging.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Understanding mammographic breast density profile in China: A Sino-Australian comparative study of breast density using real-world data from cancer screening programs.Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology · 2022Article
- Over-the-Counter Breast Cancer Classification Using Machine Learning and Patient Registration Records.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Breast Cancer in Asia: Incidence, Mortality, Early Detection, Mammography Programs, and Risk-Based Screening Initiatives.Cancers · 2022Review
- The epidemiologic factors associated with breast density: A review.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2022Review
- Optimal Breast Density Characterization Using a Three-Dimensional Automated Breast Densitometry System.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2021Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of digital breast tomosynthesis in combination with 2D mammography for the characterisation of mammographic abnormalities.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Observational
- Immigration history, lifestyle characteristics, and breast density in the Vietnamese American Women's Health Study: a cross-sectional analysis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Women with Dense Breasts in Korea: Results from a Nationwide Cross-sectional Study.Cancer research and treatment · 2019Article
- Mammographic densities of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women living in Australia's Northern Territory.International journal of public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer and is highly variable, but, to date, few studies have examined density in Asian women, particularly those in low and middle-income Asian countries where genetic and lifestyle determinants may be significantly different.
methodsA total of 1,240 women who attended an opportunistic mammogram screening programme were eligible for analysis. Mammographic density was estimated using a fully-automated thresholding method and differences across ethnic groups were examined using linear regression in 205 randomly selected Chinese women, 138 Malay and 199 Indian women.
resultsPercent density was significantly higher in Chinese women (28.5%; 95% CI 27.0%, 30.0%) compared to Malay (24.2%; 95% CI 22.5%, 26.0%) and Indian (24.3%; 95% CI 22.8%, 25.7%) women (p<0.001), after adjustment for age, BMI, menopausal status, parity and age at first full term pregnancy. Correspondingly, adjusted nondense area was significantly lower in Chinese (72.2cm2; 95% CI 67.9cm2, 76.5cm2) women compared to Malay (92.1cm2; 95% CI 86.9cm2, 97.2cm2) and Indian (97.7cm2; 95% CI 93.4cm2, 101.9cm2) women (p<0.001), but dense area did not differ across the three ethnic groups.
conclusionsOur study shows that higher percent density and lower nondense area reflect the higher incidence of breast cancer in Chinese compared to Malay and Indian women in Malaysia. Known lifestyle determinants of mammographic density do not fully account for the ethnic variations observed in mammographic density in this Asian cohort.
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