ArticleAddictive behaviors2015
The relation between tobacco taxes and youth and young adult smoking: what happened following the 2009 U.S. federal tax increase on cigarettes?
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the mechanisms of change in social norms around tobacco use: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and network meta-analysis of population-level interventions to tackle smoking behaviour.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Removing Price Discounts From the Tobacco Retail Environment: Effects on College Students' Risk of Using Smokeless Tobacco, Little Cigars, and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Trial
- Projected Impact of Higher E-cigarette or Combustible Cigarette Taxes on Use of Both Products in the U.S.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- SimSmoke simulation models distinguished by race/ethnicity: past and future trends and the potential role of policy.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2025Article
- Do-It-Yourself Flavored Capsule Cigarettes: Exploiting Potential Regulatory Loopholes?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Joint impact of cigarette taxes and smoke-free laws on youth cigarette smoking and related disparities in the USA.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Association of cigarette excise taxes and clean indoor air laws with change in smoking behavior in the United States: a Markov modeling analysis.Journal of public health policy · 2024Article
- Dramatic Reductions in Cigarette Smoking Prevalence among High School Youth from 1991 to 2022 Unlikely to Have Been Undermined by E-Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Estimated prevalence and trends in smoking among adolescents in South Korea, 2005-2021: a nationwide serial study.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Article
- Youth's engagement and perceptions of disposable e-cigarettes: a UK focus group study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Young adult responses to taxes on cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Observational
- Evaluating the Effects of Denmark's New Tobacco Control Act on Young People's Use of Nicotine Products: A Study Protocol of the §SMOKE Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Cigarette Pack Price and Its Within-Person Association With Smoking Initiation, Smoking Progression, and Disparities among Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Cigarettes smoked among daily and non-daily smokers following CVS Health's tobacco-free pharmacy policy.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Association between E-Cigarette Price and TV Advertising and the Sales of Smokeless Tobacco Products in the USA.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Taxation reduces smoking but may not reduce smoking disparities in youth.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Impact of tobacco control interventions on smoking initiation, cessation, and prevalence: a systematic review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Review
- Standardised packaging, minimum excise tax, and RYO focussed tax rise implications for UK tobacco pricing.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOn April 1, 2009, the federal government raised cigarette taxes from $0.39 to $1.01 per pack. This study examines the impact of this increase on a range of smoking behaviors among youth aged 12 to 17 and young adults aged 18 to 25.
methodsData from the 2002-2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were used to estimate the impact of the tax increase on five smoking outcomes: (1) past year smoking initiation, (2) past-month smoking, (3) past year smoking cessation, (4) number of days cigarettes were smoked during the past month, and (5) average number of cigarettes smoked per day. Each model included individual and state-level covariates and other tobacco control policies that coincided with the tax increase. We examined the impact overall and by race and gender.
resultsThe odds of smoking initiation decreased for youth after the tax increase (odds ratio (OR)=0.83, p<0.0001). The odds of past-month smoking also decreased (youth: OR=0.83, p<0.0001; young adults: OR=0.92, p<0.0001), but the odds of smoking cessation remained unchanged. Current smokers smoked on fewer days (youth: coefficient=-0.97, p=0.0001; young adults: coefficient=-0.84, p<0.0001) and smoked fewer cigarettes per day after the tax increase (youth: coefficient=-1.02, p=0.0011; young adults: coefficient=-0.92, p<0.0001).
conclusionsThe 2009 federal cigarette tax increase was associated with a substantial reduction in smoking among youths and young adults. The impact of the tax increase varied across male, female, white and black subpopulations.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.