ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2015
Carbodiimide induced cross-linking, ligand addition, and degradation in gelatin.
Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effect of collagen cross-linkers on dentin bond strength: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Pooled it
- Gelatin Hydrogel Crosslinking: From Molecular Design to Functional Soft Materials.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Design, ecofriendly synthesis and spectroscopy of new pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives as potential candidates for dyeing and ultraviolet protection of wool fabrics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Development of a Disposable Chemiresistive Biochip for Tear-Based Retinopathy of Prematurity Diagnosis: Early Screening and Risk Prediction.IEEE sensors journal · 2026Article
- Multiscale Structure-Property Relationships in Gelatin-Based Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds.ACS macro letters · 2025Article
- Effects of crosslinker-modified etchants on durability of resin-dentin bonds in sound and caries-affected dentin.Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials · 2025Article
- Strategies for Acid and Amine Cross-linking and Labeling for Protein Structural Characterization Using Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- The Effect of Carbodiimide Crosslinkers on Gelatin Hydrogel as a Potential Biomaterial for Gingival Tissue Regeneration.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Acidochromic Free-Standing Multilayered Chitosan-Pyranoflavylium/Alginate Membranes toward Food Smart Packaging Applications.ACS applied polymer materials · 2024Article
- Design of Chitin Cell Culture Matrices for 3D Tissue Engineering: The Importance of Chitin Types, Solvents, Cross-Linkers, and Fabrication Techniques.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Package delivered: folate receptor-mediated transporters in cancer therapy and diagnosis.Chemical science · 2024Review
- Nanoarchitectonics-based electrochemical aptasensors for highly efficient exosome detection.Science and technology of advanced materials · 2024Review
- Leveraging immunoliposomes as nanocarriers against SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2023Review
- Exosome-Based Drug Delivery: Translation from Bench to Clinic.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Emerging chemical engineering of exosomes as "bioscaffolds" in diagnostics and therapeutics.Genes & diseases · 2023Review
- Article
- Insights on Chemical Crosslinking Strategies for Proteins.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Bioconjugation Strategies for Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2022Article
- Synthesis of novel isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives as promising agents for melanoma and targeted nano-emulgel conjugate for improved cellular permeability.BMC chemistry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The water-soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) is widely used in protein chemistry. We used EDC-induced gelatin cross-linking as a model for amide bond formation to resolve reaction ambiguities with common variables of buffers, gelatin concentration, and pH. Percentage changes in SEC high molecular weight peak areas were used to follow the reactions. Differences in reaction rate and extent were observed with four commonly used buffers, while differences in extent were observed for commonly used concentrations and pH. We also investigated an anhydride mechanism for aqueous EDC-induced amide bond formation that has received little attention since its proposal in 1995. Gelatin carboxyl groups had a synergistic role during the addition of hydrazine to corroborate the anhydride formation between carboxyl groups. EDC-induced degradation of gelatin was investigated using percentage changes in SEC low molecular weight peak areas. The degradation occurred in excess EDC at neutral to alkaline pH and was enhanced substantially when reacting amino groups were not available. A mechanism of EDC-induced gelatin degradation is proposed and designated the extended Khorana mechanism. This EDC side reaction has the potential to occur in peptides and proteins under similar conditions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.