ReviewFrontiers in psychology2014
Hormones as "difference makers" in cognitive and socioemotional aging processes.
Review in Frontiers in psychology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic oxytocin administration as a tool for investigation and treatment: A cross-disciplinary systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of the immediate postpartum insertion of the etonogestrel implant on the development of breastfed infants: Results from a randomized controlled trial.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Trial
- Age-dependent effects of oxytocin in brain regions enriched with oxytocin receptors.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Trial
- Safety and tolerability of chronic intranasal oxytocin in older men: results from a randomized controlled trial.Psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Oxytocin as regulator of stress and inflammation in aging.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Cognitive behavioural therapeutics for insomnia symptoms in the perimenopause through to the early postmenopausal period.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Pain and Nutrition in Dementia and Alzheimer's Phase 1: a cross-sectional, observational study design.Frontiers in dementia · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Grip Strength and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From NHANES 2011-2014.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Chronic pain and cognitive dysfunction: clinical manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- The Association among Hypothalamic Subnits, Gonadotropic and Sex Hormone Plasmas Levels in Alzheimer's Disease.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Single dose intranasal oxytocin administration: Data from healthy younger and older adults.Data in brief · 2023Article
- DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor interacts with age to impact neural response to social stimuli.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Oxytocin's dynamic role across the lifespan.Aging brain · 2022Article
- Oxytocin Release Increases With Age and Is Associated With Life Satisfaction and Prosocial Behaviors.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- A Narrative Review Examining the Utility of Interpersonal Synchrony for the Caregiver-Care Recipient Relationship in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
- The Role of Intranasal Oxytocin on Social Cognition: An Integrative Human Lifespan Approach.Current behavioral neuroscience reports · 2020Article
- Sexual dimorphism in cognitive disorders in a murine model of neuropathic pain.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2020Article
- Plasma oxytocin and vasopressin levels in young and older men and women: Functional relationships with attachment and cognition.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2019Article
- CISDA: Changes in Integration for Social Decisions in Aging.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science · 2019Review
- Associations between oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) methylation, plasma oxytocin, and attachment across adulthood.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Aging is associated with well-recognized alterations in brain function, some of which are reflected in cognitive decline. While less appreciated, there is also considerable evidence of socioemotional changes later in life, some of which are beneficial. In this review, we examine age-related changes and individual differences in four neuroendocrine systems-cortisol, estrogen, testosterone, and oxytocin-as "difference makers" in these processes. This suite of interrelated hormonal systems actively coordinates regulatory processes in brain and behavior throughout development, and their level and function fluctuate during the aging process. Despite these facts, their specific impact in cognitive and socioemotional aging has received relatively limited study. It is known that chronically elevated levels of the stress hormone cortisol exert neurotoxic effects on the aging brain with negative impacts on cognition and socioemotional functioning. In contrast, the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone appear to have neuroprotective effects in cognitive aging, but may decrease prosociality. Higher levels of the neuropeptide oxytocin benefit socioemotional functioning, but little is known about the effects of oxytocin on cognition or about age-related changes in the oxytocin system. In this paper, we will review the role of these hormones in the context of cognitive and socioemotional aging. In particular, we address the aforementioned gap in the literature by: (1) examining both singular actions and interrelations of these four hormonal systems; (2) exploring their correlations and causal relationships with aspects of cognitive and socioemotional aging; and (3) considering multilevel internal and external influences on these hormone systems within the framework of explanatory pluralism. We conclude with a discussion of promising future research directions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.