ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2015
Hormone replacement therapy and Parkinson's disease risk in women: a meta-analysis of 14 observational studies.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Menopausal hormone therapy and women's health: An umbrella review.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Non-Genetic Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: An Overview of 46 Systematic Reviews.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2021Pooled it
- Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Risk of Cognitive Decline in Women with Parkinson's Disease Is Reduced by Early Age at Menarche.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Association of women-specific health factors in the severity of Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- A homozygousFrontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Review of mendelian randomization studies on age at natural menopause.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Sex Differences in Dopaminergic Vulnerability to Environmental Toxicants - Implications for Parkinson's Disease.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Age Cutoff for Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease: Recommendations from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Early Onset Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2022Review
- State-of-the-art review of the clinical research on menopause and hormone replacement therapy association with Parkinson's disease: What meta-analysis studies cannot tell us.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- From Menopause to Neurodegeneration-Molecular Basis and Potential Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Effects of the Menstrual Cycle on Neurological Disorders.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2021Review
- Sex differences in movement disorders.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposePublished data on the relationship of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with Parkinson's disease (PD) were inconclusive. Thus, a systematic meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to clarify this topic.
methodsThe databases of PubMed and EMBASE were searched for case-control or cohort studies published up till June 2, 2014. Meta-analysis of the relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was estimated using random-effects models.
resultsA final total of ten case-control and four cohort studies were included in our meta-analysis. The overall combined RR of PD for ever users versus never users of HRT was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.84-1.20). Limited to those subjects who only use estrogen, a similar trend was detected (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.69-1.30). In the subgroup analysis by study design, no significant association was observed in case-control studies (RR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62-1.02), whereas a positive association was found in cohort studies (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10-1.40). In further analysis according to study quality, an inverse association was found in the low-quality group (RR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40-0.82), whereas a positive association was found in the high-quality group (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.31).
conclusionIn summary, our results of meta-analysis do not support a protective role of HRT in female PD development.
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