ArticleScientific reports2015
Anatomical networks reveal the musculoskeletal modularity of the human head.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Anatomy of Facial Muscles Revisited: High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Studies on Body Donors.Journal of imaging · 2026Article
- Inside from outside: head-to-skull-and-muscles translation with statistical shape relation and multiple region-of-interest learning.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- Cranial Modularity and Integration in Modern Humans: Evidence for Regional Variability and Evolutionary Flexibility.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Phenotypic integration and the organization of discrete facial variation.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Network analysis reveals that total hip arthroplasty restores shared segmental motion before segmental differentiation.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Article
- Comparative study of fetal facial shape between Japanese and North American populations using micro-CT.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- From Myofascial Chains to the Polyconnective Network: A Novel Approach to Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Based on Graph Theory.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the nose.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Embodied cognitive morphogenesis as a route to intelligent systems.Interface focus · 2023Article
- Anatomical network modules of the human central nervous-craniofacial skeleton system.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Anatomical network analyses reveal evolutionary integration and modularity in the lizards skull.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Convergence, divergence, and macroevolutionary constraint as revealed by anatomical network analysis of the squamate skull, with an emphasis on snakes.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- NetFACS: Using network science to understand facial communication systems.Behavior research methods · 2022Article
- Body Weight Control Is a Key Element of Motor Control for Toddlers' Walking.Frontiers in network physiology · 2022Article
- Growth and sexual dimorphism of the hyoid bone and its relationship to the mandible from birth to 19 years: A three-dimensional computed tomography study.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2021Article
- Anatomical comparison across heads, fore- and hindlimbs in mammals using network models.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Evolving complexity: how tinkering shapes cells, software and ecological networks.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- First use of anatomical networks to study modularity and integration of heads, forelimbs and hindlimbs in abnormal anencephalic and cyclopic vs normal human development.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Network structure of the human musculoskeletal system shapes neural interactions on multiple time scales.Science advances · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mosaic evolution is a key mechanism that promotes robustness and evolvability in living beings. For the human head, to have a modular organization would imply that each phenotypic module could grow and function semi-independently. Delimiting the boundaries of head modules, and even assessing their existence, is essential to understand human evolution. Here we provide the first study of the human head using anatomical network analysis (AnNA), offering the most complete overview of the modularity of the head to date. Our analysis integrates the many biological dependences that tie hard and soft tissues together, arising as a consequence of development, growth, stresses and loads, and motion. We created an anatomical network model of the human head, where nodes represent anatomical units and links represent their physical articulations. The analysis of the human head network uncovers the presence of 10 musculoskeletal modules, deep-rooted in these biological dependences, of developmental and evolutionary significance. In sum, this study uncovers new anatomical and functional modules of the human head using a novel quantitative method that enables a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary anatomy of our lineage, including the evolution of facial expression and facial asymmetry.
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