ArticleMaternal and child health journal2015
Long-Term Effects of Breastfeeding on Children's Hospitalization for Respiratory Tract Infections and Diarrhea in Early Childhood in Japan.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Are There Benefits to Breastfeeding for Long Durations That Continue after Breastfeeding Has Stopped? An Analysis of Acute Respiratory Illness in Nigerian Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Factors associated with duration of breastfeeding in women giving birth for the first time.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Observational
- Exclusive Breastfeeding and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Positive Synergistic Effect on Prevention of Childhood Infections?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Breastfeeding and respiratory, ear and gastro-intestinal infections, in children, under the age of one year, admitted through the paediatric emergency departments of five hospitals.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Changes in children's lung function over two decades in relation to socioeconomic, parental and household factors in Wuhan, China.Journal of thoracic disease · 2021Article
- Article
- The relationship between breastfeeding and reported respiratory and gastrointestinal infection rates in young children.BMC pediatrics · 2019Observational
- Association of Breastfeeding and Air Pollution Exposure With Lung Function in Chinese Children.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Breastfeeding and Respiratory Infections in the First 6 Months of Life: A Case Control Study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Article
- Breastfeeding and the risk of respiratory tract infections after infancy: The Generation R Study.PloS one · 2017Article
- [Early risk factors for the development of inflammatory bowel disease in the pediatric population of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship].Developmental period medicineArticle
- Early-life exposures and child health outcomes: A narrative review of LSN21 research in Japan.Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric SocietyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Whether or not the protective effects of breastfeeding last during or after a shift to a weaning diet is not clear. In the present study, we examined the effects of breastfeeding on hospitalization for respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in early childhood in Japan. Data were extracted from a nationwide longitudinal survey of Japanese children. We restricted the study participants to singleton children who were born after 37 gestational weeks and whose information on feeding practice during infancy were included (n = 43,367). We used logistic regression models to evaluate the associations of breastfeeding with hospitalization for the two diseases among young children (i.e., between ages 6 and 18 months, between ages 18 and 30 months, and between ages 30 and 42 months, respectively), adjusting for children's factors (sex, birth weight, childcare attendance and presence of siblings) and maternal factors (educational attainment and smoking status). Breastfeeding compared with infant formula was not associated with reduced risk of hospitalization for diarrhea during the periods we examined. Although breastfeeding was not associated with reduced risk of hospitalization for respiratory tract infections between ages 6 and 18 months, breastfeeding showed protective effects after that period: the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of exclusive breastfeeding were 0.82 (0.66-1.01) between ages 18 and 30 months and 0.76 (0.58-0.99) between ages 30 and 42 months. Breastfeeding may have long-term protective effects on hospitalization for respiratory tract infections after infancy, but not for diarrhea.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.