SynthesisAmerican journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics2015
The relationship between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis revisited: genetic and epidemiological analyses.
Synthesis in American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The genetic basis for the inverse relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Associations Between Non-neurological Autoimmune Disorders and Psychosis: A Meta-analysis.Biological psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- The relationship between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis revisited: genetic and epidemiological analyses.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2015Pooled it
- Psychiatric morbidity in people with autoimmune arthritides as a model of inflammatory mechanisms in mental disorders.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
- Schizophrenia and Rheumatoid Arthritis Genetic Scenery: Potential Non-HLA Genes Involved in Both Diseases Relationship.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2024Article
- Genetically transitional disease: conceptual understanding and applicability to rheumatic disease.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Comorbid physical health burden of serious mental health disorders in 32 European countries.BMJ mental health · 2024Article
- Immunologic profiling in schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis.Psychiatry research · 2022Article
- Article
- Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Assessment of Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Etiology and Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A State-of-the-Art Review.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Cross-disorder analysis of schizophrenia and 19 immune-mediated diseases identifies shared genetic risk.Human molecular genetics · 2019Article
- Association of Genetic Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis With Cognitive and Psychiatric Phenotypes Across Childhood and Adolescence.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Assessing whether the association between rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia is bidirectional: A nationwide population-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The Emerging Immunogenetic Architecture of Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2018Review
- Polygenic Risk Scores in Clinical Psychology: Bridging Genomic Risk to Individual Differences.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2018Review
- Lifetime self-reported arthritis is associated with elevated levels of mental health burden: A multi-national cross sectional study across 46 low- and middle-income countries.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Generating testable hypotheses for schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis by integrating epidemiological, genomic, and protein interaction data.NPJ schizophrenia · 2017Article
- New data and an old puzzle: the negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis.International journal of epidemiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Epidemiological studies are inconsistent on the relationship between schizophrenia (SCZ) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several studies have shown that SCZ has a protective effect on RA, with RA occurring less frequently in SCZ cases than would be expected by chance, whilst other studies have failed to replicate this. We sought to test the hypothesis that this effect is due to a protective effect of SCZ risk alleles on RA onset. We first reviewed the literature on the comorbidity of RA and SCZ and performed a meta-analysis. We then used polygenic risk scoring in an RA case control study in order to investigate the contribution of SCZ risk alleles to RA risk. Meta-analysis across studies over the past half-century showed that prevalence of RA in SCZ cases was significantly reduced (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.34-0.67, p<0.0001). The relationship between SCZ genetic risk and RA status was weak. Polygenic risk of SCZ explained a small (0.1%) and non-significant (p=0.085) proportion of variance in RA case control status. This relationship was nominally positive, with RA cases carrying more SCZ risk alleles than controls. The current findings do not support the assertion that the relationship between RA and SCZ is explained by genetic factors, which appear to have little or no effect. The protective effect of SCZ on RA may be due to environmental factors, such as an anti-inflammatory effect of anti-psychotic medication or merely due to confounding limitations in study designs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.