ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2015
Individual and socioeconomic contextual effects on depressive symptom in Korea: multilevel analysis of cross-sectional nationwide survey.
Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between income inequality and adult mental health at the subnational level-a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Personal wellbeing and depression among Thai people living in poverty: evidence from the COVID-19 crisis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Non-Linear Association Between Physical Activities and Type 2 Diabetes in 2.4 Million Korean Population, 2009-2022: A Nationwide Representative Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Social-Economic Environments and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Adults: A Multi-Level Analysis for Two Nationwide Datasets in Taiwan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Psychological distress among Greater Jakarta area residents during the COVID-19 pandemic and community containment.Heliyon · 2021Article
- Trends in the prevalence and treatment of depressive symptoms in Peru: a population-based study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Does Walkability Contribute to Geographic Variation in Psychosocial Distress? A Spatial Analysis of 91,142 Members of the 45 and Up Study in Sydney, Australia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Gaps in universal health coverage in South Korea: Association with depression onset in a community cohort.PloS one · 2018Article
- The effect of childhood and current economic status on depressive symptoms in South Korean individuals: a longitudinal study.International journal for equity in health · 2016Article
- Association between serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms among female workers in the manufacturing industry.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study was aimed to examine the relationship between individual, socioeconomic context and depressive symptom among Korean population. Data were the Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS), a nationwide survey collected from 253 local communities including 230,715 adults aged 19 yr or over. To identify depressive symptom, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was used. This study employed multilevel logistic regression to analyze the hierarchical data that included individual and community level variables. The results of this study showed that people in the highest level of community income had a higher risk of depressive symptom compared with people in the lowest (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.9). In a chi-square test for trend, the prevalence of depressive symptom was significantly increased with increased level of community income among all groups of the family income (P<0.001). Moreover a significant interaction was found between household income and community mean income (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99). Among individual level variables, age, sex, education, income, living alone, and the number of illnesses were associated with depressive symptom. This study identified that the level of community income has an inverse association, and its effect is especially stronger among low income individuals.
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