ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2015
Axon initial segment-associated microglia.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial transcriptomics revealed the regulatory role of CCN1 to microglia distribution through region-specific cellular interactions.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- AXIS of excitability: microglia promote neuronal firing.Cell research · 2026Article
- Neurovascular and synaptic milieu of brain-resident cells in cognitive dysfunction of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The axon initial segment-associated microglia regulate neuronal activity and visual perception.Cell research · 2026Article
- Axon Initial Segment: Structure, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Dual phosphorylation of DISC1 at Ser58 and Ser713 regulates polarization of cortical neurons via GSK3β.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Volume electron microscopy in axon regeneration research: insights into mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and membrane contacts.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Review
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediates Axon Initial Segment Shortening: Implications for Diabetic Brain Complications.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Article
- Aβ Deposition in Extracellular Space Disrupts Glial-Neuron Communication and Triggers Alzheimer's Disease.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Knockout of P2Y12 receptor facilitates neuronal envelopment by reactive microglia and accelerates prion disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- A focus on the normal-appearing white and gray matter within the multiple sclerosis brain: a link to smoldering progression.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Review
- Revisiting the critical roles of reactive microglia in traumatic brain injury.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Satellite microglia: marker of traumatic brain injury and regulator of neuronal excitability.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Microglial Modulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Central Players in Neuroinflammation and Pathogenesis.Current Alzheimer research · 2025Review
- Modulation of axon excitable domains by astrocytes and microglia.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Glial Regulation of Circuit Wiring, Firing, and Expiring in theCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2024Review
- Current perspectives on microglia-neuron communication in the central nervous system: Direct and indirect modes of interaction.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Rapid modulation of striatal cholinergic interneurons and dopamine release by satellite astrocytes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic alterations in APP/PS1 mice astrocytes lead to early postnatal axon initial segment structural changes.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia are the brain's resident immune cells and function as the main defense against pathogens or injury. However, in the absence of disease, microglia have other functions in the normal brain. For example, previous studies showed that microglia contribute to circuit refinement and synaptic plasticity in the developing and adult brain, respectively. Thus, microglia actively participate in regulating neuronal excitability and function. Here, we report that in the cortex, but not other brain regions, a subset of microglia extend a single process that specifically associates and overlaps with the axon initial segment (AIS), the site where action potentials are generated. Similar associations were not observed with dendrites or distal axons. Microglia-AIS interactions appear early in development, persist throughout adulthood, and are conserved across species including mice, rats, and primates. However, these interactions are lost after microglial activation following brain injury, suggesting that such interactions may be part of healthy brain function. Loss of microglial CX3CR1 receptors, or the specialized extracellular matrix surrounding the AIS, did not disrupt the interaction. However, loss of AIS proteins by the neuron-specific deletion of the master AIS scaffold AnkyrinG disrupted microglia-AIS interactions. These results reveal a unique population of microglia that specifically interact with the AIS in the adult cortex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.