Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25652502›Full record

ArticleMedical physics2015

Proton-induced x-ray fluorescence CT imaging.

Magdalena Bazalova-Carter, Moiz Ahmad, Taeko Matsuura, Seishin Takao, Yuto Matsuo, Rebecca Fahrig, Hiroki Shirato, Kikuo Umegaki, Lei Xing

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Medical physics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The TOPAS tool for particle simulation, a Monte Carlo simulation tool for physics, biology and clinical research.Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB) · 2020
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Magdalena Bazalova-CarterDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5847 and Global Station for Quantum Medical Science and Engineering, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
Moiz AhmadDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5847.
Taeko MatsuuraDepartment of Medical Physics, Proton Beam Therapy Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan and Global Station for Quantum Medical Science and Engineering, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
Seishin TakaoDepartment of Medical Physics, Proton Beam Therapy Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan and Global Station for Quantum Medical Science and Engineering, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
Yuto MatsuoDepartment of Medical Physics, Proton Beam Therapy Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
Rebecca FahrigDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.
Hiroki ShiratoDepartment of Medical Physics, Proton Beam Therapy Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan and Global Station for Quantum Medical Science and Engineering, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
Kikuo UmegakiDepartment of Medical Physics, Proton Beam Therapy Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan and Global Station for Quantum Medical Science and Engineering, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
Lei XingDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5847 and Global Station for Quantum Medical Science and Engineering, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
Stanford University · USHokkaido University Hospital · JPHokkaido University · JP

Funding

Stanford Molecular Imaging Scholars - SMISR25CA118681 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LEVIN, CRAIG S · 2006 to 2015
$5.0M
DASSIM-RT and Compressed Sensing-Based Inverse PlanningR01CA176553 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI XING, LEI · 2014 to 2018
$2.4M
Computational Tools for Next Generation Volumetric Cone Beam Computed TomographyR01EB016777 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI XING, LEI · 2013 to 2016
$2.1M
Making computed tomography a molecular imaging modalityK99EB016059 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BAZALOVA, MAGDALENA · 2013 to 2014
$180k
NCI NIH HHS 1R01 CA176553NCI NIH HHS R01 CA176553NCI NIH HHS R25 CA118681NIBIB NIH HHS 1K99EB016059NIBIB NIH HHS 1R01 EB016777NIBIB NIH HHS K99 EB016059NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB016777
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of proton-induced x-ray fluorescence CT (pXFCT) imaging of gold in a small animal sized object by means of experiments and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.

methodsFirst, proton-induced gold x-ray fluorescence (pXRF) was measured as a function of gold concentration. Vials of 2.2 cm in diameter filled with 0%-5% Au solutions were irradiated with a 220 MeV proton beam and x-ray fluorescence induced by the interaction of protons, and Au was detected with a 3 × 3 mm(2) CdTe detector placed at 90° with respect to the incident proton beam at a distance of 45 cm from the vials. Second, a 7-cm diameter water phantom containing three 2.2-diameter vials with 3%-5% Au solutions was imaged with a 7-mm FWHM 220 MeV proton beam in a first generation CT scanning geometry. X-rays scattered perpendicular to the incident proton beam were acquired with the CdTe detector placed at 45 cm from the phantom positioned on a translation/rotation stage. Twenty one translational steps spaced by 3 mm at each of 36 projection angles spaced by 10° were acquired, and pXFCT images of the phantom were reconstructed with filtered back projection. A simplified geometry of the experimental data acquisition setup was modeled with the MC TOPAS code, and simulation results were compared to the experimental data.

resultsA linear relationship between gold pXRF and gold concentration was observed in both experimental and MC simulation data (R(2) > 0.99). All Au vials were apparent in the experimental and simulated pXFCT images. Specifically, the 3% Au vial was detectable in the experimental [contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) = 5.8] and simulated (CNR = 11.5) pXFCT image. Due to fluorescence x-ray attenuation in the higher concentration vials, the 4% and 5% Au contrast were underestimated by 10% and 15%, respectively, in both the experimental and simulated pXFCT images.

conclusionsProton-induced x-ray fluorescence CT imaging of 3%-5% gold solutions in a small animal sized water phantom has been demonstrated for the first time by means of experiments and MC simulations.

Indexed as

ProtonsAnimalsImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMonte Carlo MethodOptical ImagingPhantoms, ImagingTomography, X-Ray ComputedWaterProtonsWater

Identifiers

PMID25652502
PMCPMC4312343
OpenAlexW2051584429

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.