ArticleScientific reports2015
Network analysis suggests a potentially 'evil' alliance of opportunistic pathogens inhibited by a cooperative network in human milk bacterial communities.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbial Biomarkers of Breast Tumor and Mastitis: Deciphering the Delicate Balance between Potentially "Evil" and "Benign" Alliances in Mammary Microbiomes.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrating the milk microbiome signatures in mastitis: milk-omics and functional implications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- The human milk bacteriome and mycobiome and their inter-kingdom interactions viewed across geography.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Whole-genome sequencing of bacteria accountable for lactational mastitis in humans combined with an examination of their antibiotic resistance profiles.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Towards a unified medical microbiome ecology of the OMU for metagenomes and the OTU for microbes.BMC bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Lower respiratory tract microbiome and lung cancer risk prediction in patients with diffuse lung parenchymal lesions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Dietary supplementation of solubles from shredded, steam-exploded pine particles modulates cecal microbiome composition in broiler chickens.Journal of animal science and technology · 2023Article
- Improvement and Validation of a Genomic DNA Extraction Method for Human Breastmilk.Methods and protocols · 2023Article
- Breastmilk microbiome changes associated with lactational mastitis and treatment with dandelion extract.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Metataxonomic Analysis of Milk Samples From SARS-CoV-2-Positive and SARS-CoV-2-Negative Women.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Breast and gut microbiome in health and cancer.Genes & diseases · 2021Review
- Comparative Analysis of Milk Microbiomes and Their Association with Bovine Mastitis in Two Farms in Central Russia.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Association of exacerbation phenotype with the sputum microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients during the clinically stable state.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- A Combined Metabolomic and Metagenomic Approach to Discriminate Raw Milk for the Production of Hard Cheese.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Structure and Dynamics of the Breast Tissue Microbiomes Under Tumor Influences: An Approach With Neutral, Near-Neutral, and Niche-Neutral Hybrid Models.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Critical Network Structures and Medical Ecology Mechanisms Underlying Human Microbiome-Associated Diseases.iScience · 2020Article
- Integrative study of the upper and lower airway microbiome and transcriptome in asthma.JCI insight · 2020Article
- FBA Ecological Guild: Trio of Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes Alliance against Actinobacteria in Human Oral Microbiome.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The Microbiota of the Human Mammary Ecosystem.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The critical importance of human milk to infants and even human civilization has been well established. Yet our understanding of the milk microbiome has been limited to cataloguing OTUs and computation of community diversity. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report on the bacterial interactions within the milk microbiome. To bridge this gap, we reconstructed a milk bacterial community network based on Hunt et al. Our analysis revealed that the milk microbiome network consists of two disconnected sub-networks. One sub-network is a fully connected complete graph consisting of seven genera as nodes and all of its pair-wise interactions among the bacteria are facilitative or cooperative. In contrast, the interactions in the other sub-network of eight nodes are mixed but dominantly cooperative. Somewhat surprisingly, the only 'non-cooperative' nodes in the second sub-network are mutually cooperative Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium that include some opportunistic pathogens. This potentially 'evil' alliance between Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium could be inhibited by the remaining nodes that cooperate with one another in the second sub-network. We postulate that the 'confrontation' between the 'evil' alliance and 'benign' alliance and the shifting balance between them may be responsible for dysbiosis of the milk microbiome that permits mastitis.
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