ReviewRevista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo
Origin and prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) among indigenous populations in the Americas.
Review in Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Re-emergence of human T-lymphotropic viruses in West Africa.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesPooled it
- Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of HTLV-1: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Endemic and Nonendemic Regions.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 Mortality in the Shipibo-Konibo People.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- High prevalence of simian foamy virus infection of South American Indians.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- HTLV-1 Japanese subgroup in Brazil: phylogenetic and migratory history.Retrovirology · 2025Article
- Article
- Novel approaches for HTLV-1 therapy: innovative applications of CRISPR-Cas9.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Review
- Seroprevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis, human T-lymphotropic virus, and Chagas disease in the Peruvian Amazon: a cross-sectional study.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Article
- Association between HTLV-1/2 infection and COVID-19 severity in a migrant Shipibo-Konibo population in Lima, Peru.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 in a Jamaican Antenatal Population and Assessment of Pooled Testing as a Cost Reduction Strategy for Implementation of Routine Antenatal Screening.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- HTLV infection in blood donors from Mato Grosso do Sul state: a closer look at HTLV screening in Brazilian blood banks.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence of maternal peripartum human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Nigerian literature.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2023Article
- Research on HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last ten years.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Development and validation of a duplex real-time PCR for the rapid detection and quantitation of HTLV-1.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus in a non-endemic area: a single institution study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Immigrating and vicinity are not risk factors in the prevalence and transmission rate of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: A Survey in an endemic region of Iran and Afghan refugees.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- HTLV infection in Brazil's second-largest indigenous reserve.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Multi-Epitope Protein as a Tool of Serological Diagnostic Development for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infections.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Molecular Biology and Diversification of Human Retroviruses.Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Spread of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 Among Relatives of People Who Use Illicit Drugs in Northern Brazil.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is found in indigenous peoples of the Pacific Islands and the Americas, whereas type 2 (HTLV-2) is widely distributed among the indigenous peoples of the Americas, where it appears to be more prevalent than HTLV-1, and in some tribes of Central Africa. HTLV-2 is considered ancestral in the Americas and is transmitted to the general population and injection drug users from the indigenous population. In the Americas, HTLV-1 has more than one origin, being brought by immigrants in the Paleolithic period through the Bering Strait, through slave trade during the colonial period, and through Japanese immigration from the early 20th century, whereas HTLV-2 was only brought by immigrants through the Bering Strait. The endemicity of HTLV-2 among the indigenous people of Brazil makes the Brazilian Amazon the largest endemic area in the world for its occurrence. A review of HTLV-1 in all Brazilian tribes supports the African origin of HTLV-1 in Brazil. The risk of hyperendemicity in these epidemiologically closed populations and transmission to other populations reinforces the importance of public health interventions for HTLV control, including the recognition of the infection among reportable diseases and events.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.