ArticlePloS one2015
Exposure to electronic cigarettes impairs pulmonary anti-bacterial and anti-viral defenses in a mouse model.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02739438 (The Study of ELEctronic Cigarette Toxicity in a Human Model in Vivo Model of Inflammation and Vascular Dysfunction), which is not on this map. Cited by 233 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Study of ELEctronic Cigarette Toxicity in a Human Model in Vivo Model of Inflammation and Vascular Dysfunction (SELECT)
Who cites it
233 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 435 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the health-related outcomes for traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heat-not-burn cigarettes and snus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between e-cigarette use and COVID-19 diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Lung Damage Caused by Heated Tobacco Products and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: an integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies.The European respiratory journal · 2021Pooled it
- Electronic nicotine delivery system use is related to higher odds of alcohol and marijuana use in adolescents: Meta-analytic evidence.Addictive behaviors · 2020Pooled it
- Altered lung biology of healthy never smokers following acute inhalation of E-cigarettes.Respiratory research · 2018Trial
- The Tie-2 agonist PMC-403 inhibits endothelial damage induced by e-cigarette vapor or LPS.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Temporal Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Phytochemical-Based E-Liquid Aerosols on Tracheo-Alveolar Histopathology and the IL-6/TNF-α Molecular Signaling Axis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Emerging multisystem disease mechanisms of e-cigarette vaping on human health.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Altered lung function in mice is a sensitive indicator of lung damage following 6 months of electronic nicotine delivery system aerosol exposure.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- The effects of e-cigarette use on asthma severity in adult BALB/c mice.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Molecular Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Mechanistic toxicity profiling of nicotine-rich e-liquids: mitochondrial and oxidative stress responses in ALI-exposed bronchial cells.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Vaping: parallels with cigarette smoking and management approaches in Singapore.Singapore medical journal · 2026Article
- Vaping induces a marked pro-inflammatory state within the lung, which is at least partially due to its immunomodulatory effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multisystem Toxicity of E-Cigarettes in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: Pathophysiologic Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposures from Head to Toe.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2026Review
- Analysing the acute toxicity of e-cigarette liquids and their vapour on human lung epithelial (A549) cellsToxicology reports · 2025Article
- E-cigarette exposure and CDP choline modulate withdrawal- induced anxiety and hormonal levels in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
173 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) have experienced sharp increases in popularity over the past five years due to many factors, including aggressive marketing, increased restrictions on conventional cigarettes, and a perception that E-cigs are healthy alternatives to cigarettes. Despite this perception, studies on health effects in humans are extremely limited and in vivo animal models have not been generated. Presently, we determined that E-cig vapor contains 7 x 10(11) free radicals per puff. To determine whether E-cig exposure impacts pulmonary responses in mice, we developed an inhalation chamber for E-cig exposure. Mice that were exposed to E-cig vapor contained serum cotinine concentrations that are comparable to human E-cig users. E-cig exposure for 2 weeks produced a significant increase in oxidative stress and moderate macrophage-mediated inflammation. Since, COPD patients are susceptible to bacterial and viral infections, we tested effects of E-cigs on immune response. Mice that were exposed to E-cig vapor showed significantly impaired pulmonary bacterial clearance, compared to air-exposed mice, following an intranasal infection with Streptococcus pneumonia. This defective bacterial clearance was partially due to reduced phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages from E-cig exposed mice. In response to Influenza A virus infection, E-cig exposed mice displayed increased lung viral titers and enhanced virus-induced illness and mortality. In summary, this study reports a murine model of E-cig exposure and demonstrates that E-cig exposure elicits impaired pulmonary anti-microbial defenses. Hence, E-cig exposure as an alternative to cigarette smoking must be rigorously tested in users for their effects on immune response and susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.