Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25650801›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Molecular cell biology2015

The selection and function of cell type-specific enhancers.

Sven Heinz, Casey E Romanoski, Christopher Benner, Christopher K Glass

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 679 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
679citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

679 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. PROTACs in cancer therapy: targeted degradation of GPX4, PARP and epigenetic regulators.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
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  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. mBio · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Advances and clinical potential of epigenome editing.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

619 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sven HeinzSalk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, USA.
Casey E RomanoskiDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
Christopher BennerSalk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, USA.
Christopher K Glass1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA.

Funding

Transgenic & Knock-out MouseP30DK063491 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI PETER J TONTONOZ · 2003 to 2026
$40.4M
Transcriptional co-regulators and macrophage gene expressionR01DK091183 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GLASS, CHRISTOPHER K · 2011 to 2025
$9.9M
Enhancer TherapyR01CA173903 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GLASS, CHRISTOPHER K · 2012 to 2016
$6.3M
NCI NIH HHS CA17390NCI NIH HHS R01 CA173903NHLBI NIH HHS 1K99HL12348NIDDK NIH HHS DK063491NIDDK NIH HHS DK091183NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063491NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK091183
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human body contains several hundred cell types, all of which share the same genome. In metazoans, much of the regulatory code that drives cell type-specific gene expression is located in distal elements called enhancers. Although mammalian genomes contain millions of potential enhancers, only a small subset of them is active in a given cell type. Cell type-specific enhancer selection involves the binding of lineage-determining transcription factors that prime enhancers. Signal-dependent transcription factors bind to primed enhancers, which enables these broadly expressed factors to regulate gene expression in a cell type-specific manner. The expression of genes that specify cell type identity and function is associated with densely spaced clusters of active enhancers known as super-enhancers. The functions of enhancers and super-enhancers are influenced by, and affect, higher-order genomic organization.

Indexed as

Enhancer Elements, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenomeTranscription, GeneticAnimalsCell DifferentiationCell LineageChromatinEukaryotic CellsHistonesHumansOrgan SpecificityTranscription FactorsChromatinHistonesTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID25650801
PMCPMC4517609

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.