ReviewBioMed research international2015
Spasticity and its contribution to hypertonia in cerebral palsy.
Review in BioMed research international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Different Time Period of Standing Frame on Spasticity and Gait in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy.
The Effects of EXOPULSE Mollii Suit on Motor Functions in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (EXOSEP 2)
The Effects of EXOPULSE Mollii Suit on Spasticity and Muscular Oxygenation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.
The Effects of EXOPULSE Mollii Suit on Motor Functions in Patients With Stroke (EXOSTROKE 2)"
Investigation of the Early Effects of Motor Imagery Training on Balance, Walking and Quality of Life After Ankle Plantar Flexor Muscle Lengthening Surgery in Children With Cerebral Palsy
6-Hz Primed Low and High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Function and Meta-Plasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: TMS-EEG Study
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Task-Oriented Circuit Training on Gait Kinematics, Pelvic Symmetry and Trunk Endurance in Children with Hemiplegia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2025Trial
- Safety and efficacy of repeat long-term incobotulinumtoxinA treatment for lower limb or combined upper/lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2022Trial
- Fascial Manipulation Compared to Stretching for Rehabilitation of Children With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Bad Ragaz Ring Method Versus Halliwick Method in Verbally Cooperative Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFCS Levels I-II): A Pilot Comparison Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Biomechanical effects of powered knee orthoses and articulated ankle-foot orthoses in people with diparetic cerebral palsy: a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical spectrum and documentation patterns of cerebral palsy among children at Arthur Davison Children's Hospital and Kitwe Teaching Hospital, Zambia: a retrospective record review.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Parent-reported activity and health-related quality of life after botulinum toxin in spastic cerebral palsy.Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica · 2026Article
- Spastic Hypertonia Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats: Assessment of Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Morphological Parameters in Dynamics.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Influence of Immobilization, Stretching, and Activity on the Morphological Properties of Spastic Gastrocnemius Muscles.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Validity of spasticity related parameters obtained from manual clinical instrumented assessment in stroke patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adjunctive dry needling reduces spasticity and improves functional outcomes in children with cerebral palsy: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Combined Maternal Immune Activation and Prenatal Intermittent Hypoxic Stress Lead to Developmental Motor Deficits in Rats: a Two-hit Animal Model for Cerebral Palsy Across Different Age Trajectories.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Repeat selective dorsal rhizotomy for residual spasticity: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2025Article
- Characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea in children with cerebral palsy: a comparative study with healthy children.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Article
- New Technological Approaches in Occupational Therapy for Pediatric Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Rootlet Selection by Crescendo Single-Pulse Evoked Compound Muscle Action Potential Interpretation During Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2025Article
- Using climbing to quantify motor asymmetry in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Neurobiological Insights Into Cerebral Palsy: A Review of the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Brain and behavior · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spasticity is considered an important neural contributor to muscle hypertonia in children with cerebral palsy (CP). It is most often treated with antispasticity medication, such as Botulinum Toxin-A. However, treatment response is highly variable. Part of this variability may be due to the inability of clinical tests to differentiate between the neural (e.g., spasticity) and nonneural (e.g., soft tissue properties) contributions to hypertonia, leading to the terms "spasticity" and "hypertonia" often being used interchangeably. Recent advancements in instrumented spasticity assessments offer objective measurement methods for distinction and quantification of hypertonia components. These methods can be applied in clinical settings and their results used to fine-tune and improve treatment. We reviewed current advancements and new insights with respect to quantifying spasticity and its contribution to muscle hypertonia in children with CP. First, we revisit what is known about spasticity in children with CP, including the various definitions and its pathophysiology. Second, we summarize the state of the art on instrumented spasticity assessment in CP and review the parameters developed to quantify the neural and nonneural components of hypertonia. Lastly, the impact these quantitative parameters have on clinical decision-making is considered and recommendations for future clinical and research investigations are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.