ArticlePloS one2015
Comprehensive evaluation of the immune risk phenotype in successfully treated HIV-infected individuals.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Good's Syndrome Mirrors a Combined Immunodeficiency with Anti-Cytokine Antibodies in the Total Absence of B Cells.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Amino Acid Metabolism and Immune Dysfunction in Urea Cycle Disorders: T and B Cell Perspectives.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2025Article
- Are the Healthy Vulnerable? Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity in Healthy Adults Is Associated With Accelerated Epigenetic Age and Immune Dysregulation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Immune Alterations in a Patient With Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria Syndrome: A Case Report.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Evaluating Immune Dysregulation in Patients With COVID-19 Requires a More Accurate Definition of the CD45RA+ T-cell Phenotype.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity Is Associated With Increased Microbial Translocation in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Uninfected Controls.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Frailty in People Living with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Biological variation of immunological blood biomarkers in healthy individuals and quality goals for biomarker tests.BMC immunology · 2019Article
- Article
- Interventions to restore appropriate immune function in the elderly.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2018Review
- Redefining Aging in HIV Infection Using Phenotypes.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2017Review
- Cytomegalovirus and HIV: A Dangerous Pas de Deux.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Review
- Elevation and persistence of CD8 T-cells in HIV infection: the Achilles heel in the ART era.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Review
- CMV+ Serostatus Associates Negatively with CD4:CD8 Ratio Normalization in Controlled HIV-Infected Patients on cART.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite successful treatment and CD4+ T-cell recovery, HIV-infected individuals often experience a profound immune dysregulation characterized by a persistently low CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio. This residual immune dysregulation is reminiscent of the Immune Risk Phenotype (IRP) previously associated with morbidity and mortality in the uninfected elderly (>85 years). The IRP consists of laboratory markers that include: a low CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio, an expansion of CD8+CD28- T-cells and cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. Despite the significant overlap in immunological phenotypes between normal aging and HIV infection, the IRP has never been evaluated in HIV-infected individuals. In this pilot study we characterized immune changes associated with the IRP in a sample of successfully treated HIV-infected subjects.
methods18 virologically suppressed HIV-infected subjects were categorized into 2 groups based on their IRP status; HIV+IRP+, (n = 8) and HIV+IRP-, (n = 10) and compared to 15 age-matched HIV uninfected IRP negative controls. All individuals were assessed for functional and phenotypic immune characteristics including: pro-inflammatory cytokine production, antigen-specific proliferation capacity, replicative senescence, T-cell differentiation and lymphocyte telomere length.
resultsCompared to HIV-infected subjects without an IRP, HIV+IRP+ subjects exhibited a higher frequency of TNF-α-producing CD8+ T-cells (p = 0.05) and a reduced proportion of CD8+ naïve T-cells (p = 0.007). The IRP status was also associated with a marked up-regulation of the replicative senescence markers CD57 and KLGR1, on the surface of CD8+T-cells (p = 0.004). Finally, HIV+IRP+ individuals had a significantly shorter mean lymphocyte telomere length than their non-IRP counterparts (p = 0.03).
conclusionsOur findings suggest that, despite similar levels of treatment-mediated viral suppression, the phenotypic and functional immune characteristics of HIV+IRP+ individuals are distinct from those observed in non-IRP individuals. The IRP appears to identify a subset of treated HIV-infected individuals with a higher degree of immune senescence.
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