ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2015
Severity of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis is influenced by previous exposure to sandfly bites in Saudi Arabia.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Human sand fly challenge elicits saliva-specific innate and type 1-polarized immunity that promotes Leishmania killing.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Human sand fly challenge elicits saliva-specific innate and TbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of Toscana and sandfly fever Sicilian viruses in humans and livestock animals from western Saudi Arabia.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Molecular identification ofJournal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2023Article
- An overview of the sand fly salivary proteins in vaccine development against leishmaniases.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2022Review
- Immune Response to LinB13, a Lutzomyia Intermedia Salivary Protein Correlates With Disease Severity in Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Review
- Vaccination in Leishmaniasis: A Review Article.Iranian biomedical journal · 2022Article
- Some Good and Some Bad: Sand Fly Salivary Proteins in the Control of Leishmaniasis and in Autoimmunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Demographic patterns of human antibody levels to Simulium damnosum s.l. saliva in onchocerciasis-endemic areas: An indicator of exposure to vector bites.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- PpSP32-like protein as a marker of human exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes in Leishmania donovani foci in Bangladesh.International journal for parasitology · 2021Article
- Towards a Sustainable Vector-Control Strategy in the Post Kala-Azar Elimination Era.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Conserved and distinct morphological aspects of the salivary glands of sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis: an anatomical and ultrastructural study.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Insights into the salivary N-glycome of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Immunity to vector saliva is compromised by short sand fly seasons in endemic regions with temperate climates.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review.Frontiers in public health · 2020Review
- Association of Phlebotomus guggisbergi with Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica in a complex transmission setting for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gilgil, Nakuru county, Kenya.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment response varies depending on parasite species, geographical location and development of secondary infection.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Synthetic peptides as a novel approach for detecting antibodies against sand fly saliva.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi is the vector of Leishmania major, the main causative agent of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Saudi Arabia. Sandflies inject saliva while feeding and the salivary protein PpSP32 was previously shown to be a biomarker for bite exposure. Here we used recombinant PpSP32 to evaluate human exposure to Ph. papatasi bites, and study the association between antibody response to saliva and CL in endemic areas in Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsIn this observational study, anti-PpSP32 antibodies, as indicators of exposure to sandfly bites, were measured in sera from healthy individuals and patients from endemic regions in Saudi Arabia with active and cured CL. Ph. papatasi was identified as the primary CL vector in the study area. Anti-PpSP32 antibody levels were significantly higher in CL patients presenting active infections from all geographical regions compared to CL cured and healthy individuals. Furthermore, higher anti-PpSP32 antibody levels correlated with the prevalence and type of CL lesions (nodular vs. papular) observed in patients, especially non-local construction workers.
conclusionsOur findings suggest a possible correlation between the type of immunity generated by the exposure to sandfly bites and disease outcome.
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