ArticlePLoS biology2015
FAX1, a novel membrane protein mediating plastid fatty acid export.
Article in PLoS biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- The SLC-ome of membrane transport: from molecular discovery to physiology and clinical applications.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Triacylglycerols at the crossroads of lipid remodeling and stress tolerance in plants.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- TaBAHD Regulates Wheat Grain Quality by Modulating Starch and Protein Synthesis.Journal of food science · 2026Article
- The life cycle of fatty acids in oleaginous stramenopiles: from synthesis to maturation and beyond.BMC plant biology · 2026Review
- Lipid regulation inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Bridging the gaps: advanced techniques to unlock lipid function in plant reproductive development.Plant reproduction · 2025Review
- Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Fatty Acid Export Family Revealed the Role ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Diatom triacylglycerol metabolism: from carbon fixation to lipid droplet degradation.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Article
- Insights into the Molecular Basis of Pollen Coat Development and Its Role in Male Sterility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Light Quantity Impacts Early Response to Cold and Cold Acclimation in Young Leaves of Arabidopsis.Plant, cell & environment · 2025Article
- A P5-ATPase, TgFLP12, diverging from plant chloroplast lipid transporters mediates apicoplast fatty export in Toxoplasma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Inducible expression of DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 enhances triacylglycerol accumulation and lipid droplet formation in vegetative tissues.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- The Structure of Storage Triacylglycerols of Mature Seeds ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Towards rational control of seed oil composition: dissecting cellular organization and flux control of lipid metabolism.Plant physiology · 2025Review
- Engineering Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Microalgae: Recent Progress and Perspectives.Marine drugs · 2024Review
- FAX1 not to the max: Chloroplast export control on fatty acids during cold acclimation.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Degradation of FATTY ACID EXPORT PROTEIN1 by RHOMBOID-LIKE PROTEASE11 contributes to cold tolerance in Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Lipidome of the Brown MacroalgaMarine drugs · 2023Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fatty acid synthesis in plants occurs in plastids, and thus, export for subsequent acyl editing and lipid assembly in the cytosol and endoplasmatic reticulum is required. Yet, the transport mechanism for plastid fatty acids still remains enigmatic. We isolated FAX1 (fatty acid export 1), a novel protein, which inserts into the chloroplast inner envelope by α-helical membrane-spanning domains. Detailed phenotypic and ultrastructural analyses of FAX1 mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that FAX1 function is crucial for biomass production, male fertility and synthesis of fatty acid-derived compounds such as lipids, ketone waxes, or pollen cell wall material. Determination of lipid, fatty acid, and wax contents by mass spectrometry revealed that endoplasmatic reticulum (ER)-derived lipids decreased when FAX1 was missing, but levels of several plastid-produced species increased. FAX1 over-expressing lines showed the opposite behavior, including a pronounced increase of triacyglycerol oils in flowers and leaves. Furthermore, the cuticular layer of stems from fax1 knockout lines was specifically reduced in C29 ketone wax compounds. Differential gene expression in FAX1 mutants as determined by DNA microarray analysis confirmed phenotypes and metabolic imbalances. Since in yeast FAX1 could complement for fatty acid transport, we concluded that FAX1 mediates fatty acid export from plastids. In vertebrates, FAX1 relatives are structurally related, mitochondrial membrane proteins of so-far unknown function. Therefore, this protein family might represent a powerful tool not only to increase lipid/biofuel production in plants but also to explore novel transport systems involved in vertebrate fatty acid and lipid metabolism.
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