ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015
Finding the beat: a neural perspective across humans and non-human primates.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05789121 (Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 162 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) During Gait on Cortical Activation: A Functional Near-infrared Red Spectroscopy Neuroimaging Study (fNIRS)
Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 407 citations in OpenAlex.
- Embodying Time in the Brain: A Multi-Dimensional Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis of 95 Duration Processing Studies.Neuropsychology review · 2024Pooled it
- Identifying a brain network for musical rhythm: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis and systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Neural network retuning and neural predictors of learning success associated with cello training.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Trial
- Modeling the rhythmic complexity of professional drumming with an oscillation-driven reservoir computer.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2026Article
- Cortico-striatal network architecture shapes rhythmic biases in music.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Critical Review on the Development and Evolution of Beat Perception.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Review
- Reduced Motor Preparation and Altered EEG Signatures of Prediction in Autistic Adults.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Genome-wide investigation of prosody perception: Shared genetic influences between speech rhythm, musical rhythm, and reading traits.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Manifolds in the Medial Premotor Cortex During Switching From Attending to Tapping to a Metronome.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- Finding the groove in neural space.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Global and Local Deviance Effects in the Processing of Temporal Patterns.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- Human newborns form musical predictions based on rhythmic but not melodic structure.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Effects of delay and amplification of auditory feedback for walking: anticipation, variability, and frequency adaptation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Subjective time perception in dementia: a behavioural and neuroanatomical analysis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Eye blinks synchronize with musical beats during music listening.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- An exploratory study and new model of the role of implicit timing in sentence comprehension.Brain and language · 2025Article
- Manifold properties in the macaque medial premotor cortex during switching from attending to tapping to a metronome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Music and Affective Prosody after Surgical Removal of the Right Arcuate Fasciculus: A Case Study.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Article
- Neural encoding of auditory rhythm beyond cortical auditory areas before the age of term.iScience · 2025Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Humans possess an ability to perceive and synchronize movements to the beat in music ('beat perception and synchronization'), and recent neuroscientific data have offered new insights into this beat-finding capacity at multiple neural levels. Here, we review and compare behavioural and neural data on temporal and sequential processing during beat perception and entrainment tasks in macaques (including direct neural recording and local field potential (LFP)) and humans (including fMRI, EEG and MEG). These abilities rest upon a distributed set of circuits that include the motor cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamo-cortical (mCBGT) circuit, where the supplementary motor cortex (SMA) and the putamen are critical cortical and subcortical nodes, respectively. In addition, a cortical loop between motor and auditory areas, connected through delta and beta oscillatory activity, is deeply involved in these behaviours, with motor regions providing the predictive timing needed for the perception of, and entrainment to, musical rhythms. The neural discharge rate and the LFP oscillatory activity in the gamma- and beta-bands in the putamen and SMA of monkeys are tuned to the duration of intervals produced during a beat synchronization-continuation task (SCT). Hence, the tempo during beat synchronization is represented by different interval-tuned cells that are activated depending on the produced interval. In addition, cells in these areas are tuned to the serial-order elements of the SCT. Thus, the underpinnings of beat synchronization are intrinsically linked to the dynamics of cell populations tuned for duration and serial order throughout the mCBGT. We suggest that a cross-species comparison of behaviours and the neural circuits supporting them sets the stage for a new generation of neurally grounded computational models for beat perception and synchronization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.