ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 212 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-LECA Origin and Diversification of an Axonemal Outer Arm Dynein Motor.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- The mitochondrial proteome of diplonemids: from conventional pathways to eccentric RNA editing and transcript processing.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Repressive Cytosine Methylation is a Marker of Viral Gene Transfer Across Divergent Eukaryotes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Hypothesis that ancestral eukaryotes sexually proliferated without kinetochores or mitosis.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- Apicortin, a Putative Apicomplexan-Specific Protein, Is Present in Deep-Branching Opisthokonts.Biology · 2025Article
- The fate of artificial transgenes in Acanthamoeba castellanii.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Reconstructing the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes.PLoS biology · 2024Review
- Evolutionary origins of the lysosome-related organelle sorting machinery reveal ancient homology in post-endosome trafficking pathways.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Early Diversification of Membrane Intrinsic Proteins (MIPs) in Eukaryotes.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Foraging mechanisms in excavate flagellates shed light on the functional ecology of early eukaryotes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Encyclopedia of Family A DNA Polymerases Localized in Organelles: Evolutionary Contribution of Bacteria Including the Proto-Mitochondrion.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Complex Endosymbioses I: From Primary to Complex Plastids, Serial Endosymbiotic Events.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Recent expansion of metabolic versatility in Diplonema papillatum, the model species of a highly speciose group of marine eukaryotes.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Maturases and Group II Introns in the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Deepest Jakobid Branch.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Integrating Phylogenetics With Intron Positions Illuminates the Origin of the Complex Spliceosome.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial genome annotation with MFannot: a critical analysis of gene identification and gene model prediction.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The large phylogenetic distance separating eukaryotic genes and their archaeal orthologs has prevented identification of the position of the eukaryotic root in phylogenomic studies. Recently, an innovative approach has been proposed to circumvent this issue: the use as phylogenetic markers of proteins that have been transferred from bacterial donor sources to eukaryotes, after their emergence from Archaea. Using this approach, two recent independent studies have built phylogenomic datasets based on bacterial sequences, leading to different predictions of the eukaryotic root. Taking advantage of additional genome sequences from the jakobid Andalucia godoyi and the two known malawimonad species (Malawimonas jakobiformis and Malawimonas californiana), we reanalyzed these two phylogenomic datasets. We show that both datasets pinpoint the same phylogenetic position of the eukaryotic root that is between "Unikonta" and "Bikonta," with malawimonad and collodictyonid lineages on the Unikonta side of the root. Our results firmly indicate that (i) the supergroup Excavata is not monophyletic and (ii) the last common ancestor of eukaryotes was a biflagellate organism. Based on our results, we propose to rename the two major eukaryotic groups Unikonta and Bikonta as Opimoda and Diphoda, respectively.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.