ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
Effector Phenotype of Plasmodium falciparum-Specific CD4+ T Cells Is Influenced by Both Age and Transmission Intensity in Naturally Exposed Populations.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effective Antimalarial Chemoprevention in Childhood Enhances the Quality of CD4+ T Cells and Limits Their Production of Immunoregulatory Interleukin 10.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Frequent Malaria Drives Progressive Vδ2 T-Cell Loss, Dysfunction, and CD16 Up-regulation During Early Childhood.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Circulating T-follicular helper and type I regulatory T cells have overlapping phenotypes inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Comparison of CD4 T-Cell Response in Plasmodium falciparum and vivax Malaria.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Age is an intrinsic driver of inflammatory responses to malaria.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Phenotype and function of IL-10-producing NK cells in individuals with malaria experience.JCI insight · 2025Article
- The impact of Plasmodium-driven immunoregulatory networks on immunity to malaria.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Single cell transcriptomics shows that malaria promotes unique regulatory responses across multiple immune cell subsets.Nature communications · 2023Article
- STING activation promotes autologous type I interferon-dependent development of type 1 regulatory T cells during malaria.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- CircDCLRE1C Regulated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis by Regulating miR-214b-3p/STAT3 Pathway in Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Immunosuppression in Malaria: DoPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The spleen: "epicenter" in malaria infection and immunity.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Review
- T-follicular helper cells in malaria infection and roles in antibody induction.Oxford open immunology · 2021Review
- Lessons Learned for Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Disease of Erythrocytic Parasites:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Recent Advances in Understanding the Inflammatory Response in Malaria: A Review of the Dual Role of Cytokines.Journal of immunology research · 2021Review
- A novel population of memory-activated natural killer cells associated with low parasitaemia inClinical & translational immunology · 2020Article
- Using two phases of the CD4 T cell response to blood-stage murine malaria to understand regulation of systemic immunity and placental pathology in Plasmodium falciparum infection.Immunological reviews · 2020Review
- Induction of Plasmodium-Specific Immune Responses Using Liposome-Based Vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- In utero priming of highly functional effector T cell responses to human malaria.Science translational medicine · 2018Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMechanisms mediating immunity to malaria remain unclear, but animal data and experimental human vaccination models suggest a critical role for CD4(+) T cells. Advances in multiparametric flow cytometry have revealed that the functional quality of pathogen-specific CD4(+) T cells determines immune protection in many infectious models. Little is known about the functional characteristics of Plasmodium-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses in immune and nonimmune individuals.
methodsWe compared T-cell responses to Plasmodium falciparum among household-matched children and adults residing in settings of high or low malaria transmission in Uganda. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with P. falciparum antigen, and interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 2, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production was analyzed via multiparametric flow cytometry.
resultsWe found that the magnitude of the CD4(+) T-cell responses was greater in areas of high transmission but similar between children and adults in each setting type. In the high-transmission setting, most P. falciparum-specific CD4(+) T-cells in children produced interleukin 10, while responses in adults were dominated by IFN-γ and TNF-α. In contrast, in the low-transmission setting, responses in both children and adults were dominated by IFN-γ and TNF-α.
conclusionsThese findings highlight major differences in the CD4(+) T-cell response of immune adults and nonimmune children that may be relevant for immune protection from malaria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.