ArticleTransactions of the American Ophthalmological Society2014
Steroid differentiation: the safety profile of various steroids on retinal cells in vitro and their implications for clinical use (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis).
Article in Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative study of pars plana vitrectomy with or without intravitreal dexamethasone implant for idiopathic epiretinal membrane.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Triamcinolone Acetonide-Assisted Visualization and Removal of Vitreous Cortex Remnants in Retinal Detachment: A Prospective Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association of intravitreal and topical anti-inflammatory therapies on short-term anatomical and functional outcomes following epiretinal membrane surgery.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Article
- Nasal irrigation solution is less cytotoxic to nasal epithelial cells than nasal spray.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025Article
- Fluocinolone acetonide 0.2 µg/day intravitreal implant in non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment: EU expert user panel consensus-based clinical recommendations.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2024Review
- Considerations in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: a review of literature.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Polarization Behavior of Bone Macrophage as Well as Associated Osteoimmunity in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
- Long-Acting Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implant for Recurrent Bilateral Non-Infectious Posterior Uveitis.International medical case reports journal · 2022Article
- Posterior Segment Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: Role of Muco-Adhesion with a Special Focus on Chitosan.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Intraocular therapy in noninfectious uveitis.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2021Review
- Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Dexamethasone PromotesJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Electrospinning of dexamethasone/cyclodextrin inclusion complex polymer fibers for dental pulp therapy.Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2020Article
- Uveitis Therapy: The Corticosteroid Options.Drugs · 2020Review
- Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant (Ozurdex) for Long-Term Macular Edema after Epiretinal Membrane Peeling Surgery.Journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- [Intramuscular depot steroids : Possible treatment of postsurgical cystoid macula edema with steroid response?]Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2017Article
- Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Loteprednol Etabonate 0.5%/Tobramycin 0.3% with Dexamethasone 0.1%/Tobramycin 0.3% Following Strabismus Surgery.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2016Article
- The Effect of Different Concentrations of Methylprednisolone on Survival, Proliferation, and Migration of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells.Basic and clinical neuroscienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo determine if potentially viable alternatives to the clinical use of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide should be considered based on a comparative assessment of the in vitro effects of five commercially available corticosteroids. We hypothesized that dexamethasone, betamethasone, methylprednisolone, loteprednol etabonate, and fluocinolone acetonide, at clinically relevant doses, may show different levels of in vitro cytotoxicity to retinal cells.
methodsCultures of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and rat embryonal neurosensory precursor retinal cells (R28) were treated with dexamethasone, betamethasone, methylprednisolone, loteprednol, or fluocinolone acetonide. Cell viability as a measure of cell death was determined by trypan blue dye exclusion assay. The mechanical effect of drug crystals was evaluated by solubilizing the steroid formulations. Mitochondrial dehydrogenase and membrane potential were assessed to measure cell damage.
resultsBetamethasone, loteprednol, and methylprednisolone, in commercially available forms, caused significant cytotoxic changes to retinal cells in vitro at clinically relevant doses. This effect was less pronounced with solubilized betamethasone. Dexamethasone at concentrations up to 5 times the clinical dose of free drug injections and 1000 times greater than a drug implant did not cause decreased cell viability. Fluocinolone acetonide at doses 1000 times higher than observed with drug delivery systems showed no cytotoxic effect.
conclusionsBetamethasone, loteprednol, and methylprednisolone exhibited cytotoxicity at clinically relevant doses and do not appear to be good therapeutic options for intravitreal use. In comparison, dexamethasone and fluocinolone acetonide, which exhibited fewer cytotoxic effects than other steroids, may be potentially viable alternatives to triamcinolone acetonide for clinical use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25646032PMC4311675W2129357738What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.