ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2015
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis EsxA membrane insertion: roles of N- and C-terminal flexible arms and central helix-turn-helix motif.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secreted proteins ofFrontiers in tuberculosis · 2026Review
- Epigenetic modulation in tuberculosis - mycobacterial defense mechanism to host immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Streptococcus gordonii type VII secretion system substrate EsxA induces neutrophil extracellular trap formation in infective endocarditis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Real-time visualization reveals Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 disrupts phagosome-like compartment via fibril-mediated vesiculation.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Dynamic interplay of autophagy and membrane repair during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Effect of Nicotine on Pulmonary Pathogenic Bacteria.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- The role of ESAT-6 in tuberculosis immunopathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Plant commensal type VII secretion system causes iron leakage from roots to promote colonization.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Novel In Silico mRNA vaccine design exploiting proteins of M. tuberculosis that modulates host immune responses by inducing epigenetic modifications.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The C terminus of the mycobacterium ESX-1 secretion system substrate ESAT-6 is required for phagosomal membrane damage and virulence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Article
- Protein Elicitor EsxA Induces Resistance to Seedling Blight and PR Genes Differential Transcription in Rice.Rice (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- A Small Protein but with Diverse Roles: A Review of EsxA in Mycobacterium-Host Interaction.Cells · 2021Review
- Cloning and expression of the EsxA gene and the growth-promoting effects of the encoded protein on rice seedlings.AMB Express · 2021Article
- A Fluorescence Dequenching-based Liposome Leakage Assay to Measure Membrane Permeabilization by Pore-forming Proteins.Bio-protocol · 2021Article
- The Interplay Between Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Tissue Remodeling in Tuberculosis.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2021Review
- Pathogenic Determinants of theMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Pore-forming Esx proteins mediate toxin secretion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Priming mycobacterial ESX-secreted protein B to form a channel-like structure.Current research in structural biology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
EsxA (ESAT-6), an important virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, plays an essential role in phagosome rupture and bacterial cytosolic translocation within host macrophages. Our previous study showed that EsxA exhibits a unique membrane-interacting activity that is not found in its ortholog from nonpathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis. However, the molecular mechanism of EsxA membrane insertion remains unknown. In this study, we generated truncated EsxA proteins with deletions of the N- and/or C-terminal flexible arm. Using a fluorescence-based liposome leakage assay, we found that both the N- and C-terminal arms were required for membrane disruption. Moreover, we found that, upon acidification, EsxA converted into a more organized structure with increased α-helical content, which was evidenced by CD analysis and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. Finally, using an environmentally sensitive fluorescent dye, we obtained direct evidence that the central helix-turn-helix motif of EsxA inserted into the membranes and formed a membrane-spanning pore. A model of EsxA membrane insertion is proposed and discussed.
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