ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2015
Mortality among individuals accessing pharmacological treatment for opioid dependence in California, 2006-10.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adherence to and Retention in Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Young Adults.Epidemiologic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of medication-assisted treatment on mortality among opioids users: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of access barriers and medication acceptability on buprenorphine-naloxone treatment utilization over 2 years: Results from a multisite randomized trial of adults with opioid use disorder.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C screening and treatment linkage intervention in US methadone maintenance treatment programs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Mortality and Causes of Death among Individuals in a National Opioid Agonist Treatment Cohort.European addiction research · 2026Article
- Impact of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder on Patient Directed Discharge Among Patients with Opioid Use Disorder.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- The use of cellphone based automated pupillometry to quantify opioid withdrawal in patients receiving treatment for opioid use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Health Plan Disenrollment and Mortality After Initiation of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder.JAMA psychiatry · 2026Article
- Health Benefits, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness of Jail-Based Hepatitis C Elimination Strategies.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Article
- Burden of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with medications for treatment of opioid use disorder: A matched cohort study from 4 US health systems, 2012-2021.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Article
- Extended-release Injectable Buprenorphine Initiation in the Emergency Department.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Health and Economic Impact of Periodic Hepatitis C Virus Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of opioid use disorder from 1990 to 2021: a statistical analysis of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Implementing buprenorphine for opioid use disorder in veterans health administration primary care: a qualitative analysis.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Clinical- and Cost-Effectiveness of Liver Disease Staging in Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Microsimulation Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Methadone and Buprenorphine in the Perioperative Setting: A Review of the Literature.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo estimate mortality rates among treated opioid-dependent individuals by cause and in relation to the general population, and to estimate the instantaneous effects of opioid detoxification and maintenance treatment (MMT) on the hazard of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
designPopulation-based treatment cohort study.
settingLinked mortality data on all individuals first enrolled in publicly funded pharmacological treatment for opioid dependence in California, USA from 2006 to 2010.
participantsA total of 32 322 individuals, among whom there were 1031 deaths (3.2%) over a median follow-up of 2.6 years (interquartile range = 1.4-3.7). MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was mortality, indicated by time to death, crude mortality rates (CMR) and standardized mortality ratios (SMR).
findingsIndividuals being treated for opioid dependence had a more than fourfold increase of mortality risk compared with the general population [SMR = 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.2, 4.8]. Mortality risk was higher (1) when individuals were out-of-treatment (SMR = 6.1, 95% CI = 5.7, 6.5) than in-treatment (SMR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.6, 2.1) and (2) during detoxification (SMR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.5, 3.8) than during MMT (SMR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.5, 2.1), especially in the 2 weeks post-treatment entry (SMR = 5.5, 95% CI = 2.7, 9.8 versus SMR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.7, 4.9). Detoxification and MMT both independently reduced the instantaneous hazard of all-cause and drug-related mortality. MMT preceded by detoxification was associated with lower all-cause and other cause-specific mortality than MMT alone.
conclusionsIn people with opiate dependence, detoxification and methadone maintenance treatment both independently reduce the instantaneous hazard of all-cause and drug-related mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.