ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2015
Chocolate-candy consumption and 3-year weight gain among postmenopausal U.S. women.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Chocolate and risk of chronic disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Chocolate Consumption and Risk of Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- Habitual chocolate consumption and the risk of incident heart failure among healthy men and women.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2016Pooled it
- Habitual chocolate consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease among healthy men and women.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2015Pooled it
- Chocolate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: prospective cohort studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Chocolate consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Korean adult population: an analysis based on the 2014-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Nutrition research and practice · 2021Article
- The Homeostatic Theory of Obesity: An Empirical Verification of the Circle of Discontent with an Assessment of Its Relationship to Restrained and Uncontrolled Eating among Children and Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Article
- Relationship between Cocoa Intake and Healthy Status: A Pilot Study in University Students.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Chocolate intake and heart disease and stroke in the Women's Health Initiative: a prospective analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2018Article
- Effects of Cocoa Antioxidants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Homeostatic theory of obesity.Health psychology open · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that greater chocolate-candy intake is associated with more weight gain in postmenopausal women.
methodsA prospective cohort study involved 107,243 postmenopausal American women aged 50-79 years (mean = 60.7) at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative, with 3-year follow-up. Chocolate-candy consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire, and body weight was measured. Linear mixed models, adjusted for demographic, socio economic, anthropomorphic, and behavioral variables, were used to test our main hypotheses.
resultsCompared with women who ate a 1 oz (∼28 g) serving of chocolate candy <1 per month, those who ate this amount 1 per month to <1 per week, 1 per week to < 3 per week and ≥3 per week showed greater 3-year prospective weight gains (kg) of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.85), 0.95 (0.84, 1.06), and 1.40 (1.27, 1.53), respectively, (P for linear trend<0.0001). Each additional 1 oz/day was associated with a greater 3-year weight gain (kg) of 0.92 (0.80, 1.05). The weight gain in each chocolate-candy intake level increased as BMI increased above the normal range (18.5-25 kg/m(2)), and was inversely associated with age.
conclusionsGreater chocolate-candy intake was associated with greater prospective weight gain in this cohort of postmenopausal women.
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