ArticlePsychological assessment2015
Validation of the Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale (AIS) among treatment-seeking smokers.
Article in Psychological assessment, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07441928 (Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to Assess the Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Smoking Cessation and Reduction of Psychotic Symptoms in Patients With Schizophrenia
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Do Smartphone Apps Impact Long-Term Smoking Cessation for Sexual and Gender Minority Adults? Exploratory Results from a 2-Arm Randomized Trial Comparing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Standard US Clinical Practice Guidelines.Journal of homosexuality · 2025Trial
- Can an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone App Help Individuals with Mental Health Disorders Quit Smoking?Depression and anxiety · 2024Trial
- Relative Efficacy of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone App with a Standard US Clinical Practice Guidelines-Based App for Smoking Cessation in Dual Users of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes: Secondary Findings from a Randomized Trial.Substance use & misuse · 2024Trial
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone Applications for Cessation of Tobacco Use among Adults with High Nicotine Dependence: Results from the iCanQuit Randomized Trial.Substance use & misuse · 2023Trial
- Full-scale Randomized Trial Comparing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Telephone-Delivered Coaching With Standard Telephone-Delivered Coaching Among Medicare/Uninsured Quitline Callers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Efficacy of an acceptance and commitment therapy-based smartphone application for helping rural populations quit smoking: Results from the iCanQuit randomized trial.Preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- Mechanisms of Smartphone Apps for Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Results of a Serial Mediation Model From the iCanQuit Randomized Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021Trial
- Identifying Content-Based Engagement Patterns in a Smoking Cessation Website and Associations With User Characteristics and Cessation Outcomes: A Sequence and Cluster Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Effectiveness of an individual acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation, delivered face-to-face and by telephone to adults recruited in primary health care settings: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2020Trial
- Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Smoking Cessation App Designed for Individuals With Co-Occurring Tobacco Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Smokers with bipolar disorder, other affective disorders, and no mental health conditions: Comparison of baseline characteristics and success at quitting in a large 12-month behavioral intervention randomized trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of distress tolerance treatment for smoking cessation.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2018Trial
- Improving quit rates of web-delivered interventions for smoking cessation: full-scale randomized trial of WebQuit.org versus Smokefree.gov.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Trial
- Efficacy of smoking cessation therapy alone or integrated with prolonged exposure therapy for smokers with PTSD: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2016Trial
- Strengthening awareness and community resources for early detection of lung cancer through navigation guided screening in American Indian/Alaska Native clinics (SACRED LUNGS): Study protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Does living near a tobacco retailer impact the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments?: Analysis from a randomized trial.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Examining the Roles of Psychological Inflexibility and Distress Tolerance on Cigarette Dependence and Binge Drinking among Individuals who Co-use Cannabis for Therapeutic Purposes.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- App-Based Smoking Urge Reduction Intervention for Young Adults: Protocol Combining a Microrandomized Trial and Conventional Between-Subject Randomized Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Using the experience sampling method to support clinical practice: An illustration with problematic cannabis use.Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research · 2024Article
- Can a smartphone application help Hispanic/Latinx adults quit smoking? A randomized trial secondary analysis.Journal of contextual behavioral science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale (AIS; Gifford et al., 2004) was derived as a smoking-specific measure of experiential avoidance. However, there has been little investigation of the psychometric proprieties of the AIS and no published work on the topic. The current study aimed to test the reliability and validity of the AIS among a sample of adult treatment-seeking daily smokers (n = 465; 48.2% female, 17.8 [SD = 9.60] cigarettes per day). The AIS was administered at 3 time points (baseline, quit-day, and 1 month postquit) as part of a larger smoking cessation trial. An exploratory factor analysis indicated a 2-factor solution, described by inflexibility and avoidance because of smoking related "thoughts/feelings" (9 items) and "somatic sensations" (4 items). Results revealed that the AIS-total and factor scores demonstrated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The AIS total and factor scores also displayed high convergent, discriminant, and incremental predictive validity with theoretically relevant smoking and affective variables. The present data suggest that the AIS measure appears to be a valid and reliable smoking-specific index of experiential avoidance.
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