ArticleHealth & justice2014
Discrimination based on criminal record and healthcare utilization among men recently released from prison: a descriptive study.
Article in Health & justice, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04878328 (Leveraging Community Health Workers to Improve COVID-19 Testing and Mitigation Among Criminal Justice-involved Individuals Accessing a Corrections-focused Community-based Organization), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Leveraging Community Health Workers to Improve COVID-19 Testing and Mitigation Among Criminal Justice-involved Individuals Accessing a Corrections-focused Community-based Organization
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Does criminal justice stigma affect health and health care utilization? A systematic review of public health and medical literature.International journal of prisoner health · 2020Pooled it
- Mitigation of COVID-19 through onsite testing and education among formerly incarcerated individuals (the MOSAIC study): an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Public health · 2026Trial
- Effects of in vivo NRT sampling on smoking abstinence and NRT adherence: A randomized clinical trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Trial
- Accuracy of reported service use in a cohort of people who are chronically homeless and seriously mentally ill.BMC psychiatry · 2016Trial
- Assessing Bias in Medication Administration in Relation to Incarceration History in a New Orleans Student Clinic Population.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Lumbar discectomy patients with a criminal incarceration history are at risk of higher postoperative opioid utilization, emergency department visits, and adverse events.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- SDOH Data as Health Care Data: The Multifaceted, Evolving, and Consequential Role of Law and Policy.Advances in health information science and practice · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Intersection of Structural Conditions that Contribute to Healthcare Access After Release from Prison: Qualitative Findings from the SCHARP Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Overall and substance use-specific healthcare utilization among individuals with and without criminal justice involvement in Ontario, Canada.International journal of prison health · 2025Article
- Medical provider perspectives on children with incarcerated parents: A mixed-methods study.Dialogues in health · 2025Article
- Linkages between incarceration and health for older adults.Health & justice · 2025Review
- Legal-involved veterans are less likely to receive guideline-concordant colorectal cancer screening.BMC health services research · 2025Observational
- Characterizing Emergency Department Care for Patients With Histories of Incarceration.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2025Article
- Abortion and contraception within prison health care: a qualitative study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Duration in Immigration Detention and Health Harms.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Structural Determinants of Health Literacy Among Formerly Incarcerated Individuals: Insights From the Survey of Racism and Public Health.Health literacy research and practice · 2025Article
- Exploring aggressive emotions in women in prison: the role of empathy and perceived social support in moderating the effects of childhood discrimination experiences.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of skin diseases among elderly prisoners in Taiwan: an examination of skin health in prison.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHealthcare discrimination based on race/ethnicity is associated with decreased healthcare access and utilization among racial/ethnic minority patients. Discrimination based on criminal record may also negatively impact healthcare access and utilization among ex-prisoners.
methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey of 172 men recently released from state prison. We examined the association between self-reported criminal record discrimination by healthcare workers and utilization of 1) emergency department (ED) and 2) primary care services. We created staged logistic regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported racial/ethnic discrimination.
resultsAmong 172 male participants, 42% reported a history of criminal record discrimination by healthcare workers. Participants who reported discrimination were older (mean, 42 vs. 39 years; p = .01), more likely to be college educated (26% vs. 11%; p = .03), and had more extensive incarceration histories (median years incarcerated, 16 vs. 9; p = .002) compared to those who did not report discrimination. Self-reported criminal record discrimination by healthcare workers was significantly associated with frequent ED utilization [odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval 24 (CI) 1.2-6.2] but not infrequent primary care utilization [OR = 1.6, 95% CI 0.7-3.8].
conclusionsRecently released prisoners report criminal record discrimination by healthcare workers, and this experience may impact healthcare utilization. Future studies should seek to further characterize criminal record discrimination by healthcare workers and prospectively examine its impact on health outcomes.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.