ReviewTherapeutic advances in drug safety2015
New antiepileptic medication linked to blue discoloration of the skin and eyes.
Review in Therapeutic advances in drug safety, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Retigabine to Azetukalner: Reviving Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels for Epilepsy Therapy.Archiv der Pharmazie · 2026Review
- Emerging targets and translational challenges in treating paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Targeting Kv7 Potassium Channels for Epilepsy.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- The Fundamentals of Antiseizure Medications: A Through Z.Epilepsy currents · 2024Article
- Lipophilic compounds restore function to neurodevelopmental-associated KCNQ3 mutations.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Drug-Induced Pigmentation: A Review.Drugs · 2024Review
- Current state of the epilepsy drug and device pipeline.Epilepsia · 2024Review
- Identifying the mechanism of action of the Kv7 channel opener, retigabine in the treatment of epilepsy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Review
- Three-Step Synthesis of the Antiepileptic Drug Candidate Pynegabine.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Molecular Sculpting: A Multipurpose Tool for Expedited Access to Various Fluorinated Arenes via Photocatalytic Hydrodefluorination of Benzoates.The Journal of organic chemistry · 2023Article
- Kv7-specific activators hyperpolarize resting membrane potential and modulate human iPSC-derived sensory neuron excitability.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Beyond Retigabine: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of a Potent and Chemically Stable Neuronal Kv7 Channel Activator with Anticonvulsant Activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- Carba Analogues of Flupirtine and Retigabine with Improved Oxidation Resistance and Reduced Risk of Quinoid Metabolite Formation.ChemMedChem · 2022Article
- Review
- High-throughput evaluation of epilepsy-associated KCNQ2 variants reveals functional and pharmacological heterogeneity.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Modifications of the Triaminoaryl Metabophore of Flupirtine and Retigabine Aimed at Avoiding Quinone Diimine Formation.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Molecular Insights Into Binding and Activation of the Human KCNQ2 Channel by Retigabine.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Chemogenetic Seizure Control with Clozapine and the Novel Ligand JHU37160 Outperforms the Effects of Levetiracetam in the Intrahippocampal Kainic Acid Mouse Model.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Article
- The KNeuroscience · 2021Article
- Chemical modulation of Kv7 potassium channels.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ezogabine is an antiepileptic medication approved in June 2011 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an adjunctive treatment for partial seizures. Minimal drug interactions and a novel mechanism of action made ezogabine an appealing new treatment option. However, adverse effects reported during clinical trials and following drug approval have been alarming. A Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program has been established for urinary retention. A safety alert was published in April 2013 warning ezogabine may cause retinal pigment abnormalities and/or blue-gray discoloration, most notably on or near the lips, nail beds, sclera and conjunctiva with long-term use. In October 2013, the FDA announced a formal label change to ezogabine to include a black boxed warning emphasizing the previously reported warnings of eye and skin discoloration and permanent vision changes. Given the unknown nature of the pathophysiology, consequences and potential for reversibility of these effects, GlaxoSmithKline and the FDA have published recommendations for patients currently receiving ezogabine. Further data from published case reports and long-term safety trials in the future may lend additional insight into these concerning effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.