ReviewFrontiers in physiology2014
The pathophysiology of extracellular hemoglobin associated with enhanced oxidative reactions.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers.
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Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- A nomogram model for predicting intramyocardial hemorrhage post-PCI based on SYNTAX score and clinical features.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Trial
- Randomized trial of red cell washing for the prevention of transfusion-associated organ injury in cardiac surgery.British journal of anaesthesia · 2017Trial
- Oxidative Stress Assessment in Response to Ultraendurance Exercise: Thiols Redox Status and ROS Production according to Duration of a Competitive Race.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2016Trial
- Immune regulation by erythroid cells: how erythroid progenitor cells and mature red blood cells shape immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Methaemoglobinaemia: From pathophysiology to contemporary clinical management.British journal of haematology · 2026Review
- Temperature as a Regulator of Red Blood Cell Fate: From Membrane Dynamics to Cellular Clearance.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Haemolytic injury and cardiovascular disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Exploring hemoglobin dynamics and scavenging mechanisms in preterm infants and preterm rabbits with cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Angiotensin signaling is essential for stress erythropoiesis but causes retention of dysfunctional mitochondria in RBCs.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Red blood cell damage defines the etiology of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome induced by pyrrolizidine alkaloids.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Unravelling the Immunological Enigma of Sickle Cell Disease: Current Understanding and Future Directions.Immunology · 2026Review
- Heme and hemozoin induce platelet cell death through UPR-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in vivax malaria.Blood advances · 2026Article
- A novel transdermal curcumin gel shows potential in improving cardiac bioenergetic functions in Berkeley sickle cell mice.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2026Article
- Elevated VWF with normal ADAMTS13 in pediatric sickle cell disease: links to crises and ischemic stroke.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2026Article
- Red Blood Cells in Normal and Pathological States: Redox Reactions of Hemoglobin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A breath of fresh air: the role of oxygen carriers in plastic surgery.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Oxygen Permeable Dextran Nanogels as a Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
- Bacterial adhesion and erythrocyte integrity on polycaprolactone nanowire surfaces.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Time-Dependent Changes in Malondialdehyde and Free-Hemoglobin in Leukoreduced and Non-Leukoreduced Canine Packed Red Blood Cells Units During Storage.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Dendritic Membranized Coacervate Microdroplets: A Robust Platform for Synthetic-Living Cell Consortia.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) continuously undergoes autoxidation producing superoxide which dismutates into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and is a potential source for subsequent oxidative reactions. Autoxidation is most pronounced under hypoxic conditions in the microcirculation and for unstable dimers formed at reduced Hb concentrations. In the red blood cell (RBC), oxidative reactions are inhibited by an extensive antioxidant system. For extracellular Hb, whether from hemolysis of RBCs and/or the infusion of Hb-based blood substitutes, the oxidative reactions are not completely neutralized by the available antioxidant system. Un-neutralized H2O2 oxidizes ferrous and ferric Hbs to Fe(IV)-ferrylHb and OxyferrylHb, respectively. FerrylHb further reacts with H2O2 producing heme degradation products and free iron. OxyferrylHb, in addition to Fe(IV) contains a free radical that can undergo additional oxidative reactions. Fe(III)Hb produced during Hb autoxidation also readily releases heme, an additional source for oxidative stress. These oxidation products are a potential source for oxidative reactions in the plasma, but to a greater extent when the lower molecular weight Hb dimers are taken up into cells and tissues. Heme and oxyferryl have been shown to have a proinflammatory effect further increasing their potential for oxidative stress. These oxidative reactions contribute to a number of pathological situations including atherosclerosis, kidney malfunction, sickle cell disease, and malaria. The toxic effects of extracellular Hb are of particular concern with hemolytic anemia where there is an increase in hemolysis. Hemolysis is further exacerbated in various diseases and their treatments. Blood transfusions are required whenever there is an appreciable decrease in RBCs due to hemolysis or blood loss. It is, therefore, essential that the transfused blood, whether stored RBCs or the blood obtained by an Autologous Blood Recovery System from the patient, do not further increase extracellular Hb.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.